Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide optical element transfer structures that include an optical element releasably coupled with a transfer medium and methods of making and using the optical element transfer structures. The optical element transfer structures can be used to dispose an optical element onto an article, whereby the optical element imparts a structural color to the article.
1. A method of making a component comprising:
providing a transfer medium having a first textured surface and a second surface on the side opposite the first textured surface, and an optical element disposed on the first textured surface of the transfer medium, wherein the optical element includes one or more optical layers and has a first side and a second side on the side opposite the first side, wherein the first side of the optical element is disposed on the first textured surface of the transfer medium, and is releasably coupled with the a release material;
directly contacting at least a portion of one of the one or more optical layers of the second side of the optical element with a first surface of a component;
disposing at least a portion of the one of the one or more optical layers of the second side of the optical element onto the first surface of the component; and
removing the transfer medium from the optical element so that at least a portion of the optical element remains disposed on the component;
wherein the at least a portion of the optical element disposed on the component exhibits a structural color, and the structural color is an angle-independent structural color in that the hue, the hue and value, or the hue, value and chroma observed is independent of the angle of observation.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first textured surface of the transfer medium includes a release material comprising polyolefins, silicones, polyurethanes, or a combination thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises forming or depositing the optical element on the first textured surface of the transfer medium.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein forming or depositing the optical element onto the first textured surface of the transfer medium includes depositing the optical element using a technique comprising: physical vapor deposition, electron beam deposition, atomic layer deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, cathodic arc deposition, pulsed laser deposition, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, wet chemistry techniques, or combinations thereof.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein forming or depositing at least a portion of the one or more optical layers of the second side of the optical element to the first surface of the component comprises:
increasing a temperature of the second side of the optical element;
applying pressure to the second side of the optical element; and
decreasing the temperature of the second side of the optical element.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein, during the forming or depositing, increasing the temperature is conducted prior to or concurrently with the contacting and the applying pressure, and prior to the decreasing the temperature, and the decreasing the temperature is conducted prior to the removing.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein increasing the temperature includes increasing the temperature of the second side of the optical element to a temperature above a softening or melting temperature of a release material of the transfer medium.
8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first surface of the component comprises a first thermoplastic material, and the disposing at least the portion of the optical element to the first surface of the component comprises disposing at least the portion of the optical element to the thermoplastic material.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
increasing a temperature of the at least a portion of the first surface of the component to a first temperature at or above one of a creep relaxation temperature, a heat deflection temperature, a Vicat softening temperature, or a melting temperature of the first thermoplastic material; and
disposing the optical element to the first thermoplastic material while the temperature of the first surface is at or above the first temperature.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
lowering the temperature of the first surface of the component to a second temperature that is below one of the creep relaxation temperature, the heat deflection temperature, the Vicat softening temperature, or the melting temperature of the first thermoplastic material to partially re-solidify the first thermoplastic material of the at least a portion of the first surface, and then, while the first surface is at or below the second temperature, disposing the optical element to the at least a portion of the first surface of the component.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein a primer layer is disposed between the textured surface and the optical element.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the primer layer comprises a paint or ink or a reground, and at least partially degraded polymer.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the primer layer is an oxide layer.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the primer layer has a thickness of about 1 to about 200 micrometers.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the angle-independent structural color displays the same hue or substantially the same hue when viewed from at least 3 different angles that are at least 15 degrees apart from each other to the component.