Solid state touchchromic device
Disclosed herein is a solid touchchromic device. The solid touchchromic device may include a conducting polymer or a conducting polymer composite film, a conducting plate, and a solid layer of a polymer-based electrolyte, the conducting plate being at least partially coated by the conducting polymer or the conducting polymer composite film. The solid touchchromic device may further include an oxidant, a salt, an acid, or a metal. Also included are methods of producing a solid touchchromic device and articles including a solid touchchromic device.
1. A solid touchchromic device comprising:
a) a transparent solid electrolyte layer comprising a mixture of a polymer, an acid, and an oxidant;
b) a conductive polymer film, and
c) a conductive plate, wherein
the transparent solid electrolyte layer is disposed over the conductive polymer film, wherein the transparent solid electrolyte layer exhibits a fibril structure; and
wherein the conductive polymer film is in contact with the conductive plate and the solid electrolyte layer.
2. The solid touchchromic device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive polymer comprises one or more of polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, a polyindole, or a polycarbazole.
3. The solid touchchromic device of claim 2 , wherein the polyaniline comprises one or more of poly(ortho-anisidine) (POAS), poly(o-toluidine) (POT), poly(ethoxy aniline), or substituted polyanilines.
4. The solid touchchromic device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive polymer film further comprises a metal oxide, a dye, or a combination thereof.
5. The solid touchchromic device of claim 4 , wherein the metal oxide comprises WO 3 , SnO 2 , In 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , or combinations thereof.
6. The solid touchchromic device of claim 4 , wherein the dye comprises one or more of rhodamine, congo red, eosin dye, methylene blue, or methyl viologen.
7. The solid touchchromic device of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises one or more of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl alcohol covinyl acetate), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene ethylene), poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate), polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl chloride, or polystyrene.
8. The solid touchchromic device of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte layer mixture comprises at least two different polymers.
9. The solid touchchromic device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive plate comprises an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass plate, anindium tin oxide (ITO) coated plastic plate, or a fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated plate.
10. The solid touchchromic device of claim 1 , wherein the oxidant is selected from aluminum nitrate, ammonium dichromate, ammonium peroxydisulphate (APS), barium nitrate, bismuth nitrate, calcium hypoperchlorate, copper (II) nitrate, cupric nitrate, ferric nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, lithium hydroxide monohydrate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium perchlorate, potassium chlorate, potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium periodate, zinc nitrate hydrate, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, ammonium nitrate, silver nitrate, benzoyl peroxide, tetranitromethane, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium permanganate, potassium persulfate, sodium nitrate, potassium chromate, and combinations thereof.
11. The solid touchchromic device of claim 1 , wherein the acid is selected from acetic acid, propionic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, benzoic acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, tungstosilicic acid hydrate, hydriodic acid, carboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, tricarboxylic acid, oxalic acid, hexacarboxylic acid, citric acid, p-camphor sulfonic, a combination of FeCl 3 and polyacrylic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, and combinations thereof.
12. The solid touchchromic device of claim 1 , wherein a second conductive plate is disposed on the transparent solid electrolyte layer, and wherein the device reversibly changes colors in response to a metal contacting the solid electrolyte layer or the second conductive plate.
13. The solid touchchromic device of claim 12 , wherein the metal comprises one or more of copper, low carbon steel, nickel, zinc, iron, indium, tin, aluminum, manganese, cobalt, palladium, silver, lithium, magnesium, or sodium.
14. A method of using a solid touchchromic device, the method comprising:
contacting the solid electrolyte layer or a second conductive plate with the metal of the solid touchchromic device of claim 12 , wherein the solid touchchromic device changes from a first color to a second color in response to the metal contacting the solid electrolyte layer or the second conductive plate; and optionally
moving the metal out of contact with the solid electrolyte layer or the second conductive plate, wherein the solid touchchromic device changes from the second color to the first color in response to the metal no longer contacting the solid electrolyte layer or the second conductive plate.
15. The solid touchchromic device of claim 1 , wherein the solid touchchromic device comprises a salt comprising NaCl, CoCl 2 , KCl, MgCl 2 , or combinations thereof.
16. An article comprising the solid touchchromic device of claim 1 , wherein the article comprises one or more of a sensor, a mirror, a window, a toy, a display, a detector, sunglasses, or a camouflage.
17. The solid touchchromic device of claim 1 , wherein the device changes color from a first color to a second color after contact with a metal.
18. The solid touchchromic device of claim 17 , wherein the device changes color from the second color to the first color when the metal contact is removed.
19. The solid touchchromic device of claim 17 , wherein the device changes color from the first color to the second color within about 1 sec to about 30 min after contact with the metal.