Antimicrobial needleless connector or catheter

1. An antimicrobial medical device comprising:

a fluid transfer device configured to couple between a patient and a fluid reservoir;

a fluid pathway extending through the fluid transfer device;

a plurality of first annular electrodes coupled to the fluid transfer device, the plurality of first annular electrodes comprising a first conductive material; and

at least one second electrode coupled to the fluid transfer device and interposed between the plurality of first annular electrodes, the at least one second electrode comprising a second conductive material different from the first conductive material and being configured to form at least one galvanic cell with the plurality of first annular electrodes.

2. The medical device of claim 1 , wherein the fluid transfer device comprises a housing having an internal cavity, and a valve disposed within the internal cavity, wherein the fluid pathway extends through the internal cavity, and wherein the plurality of first annular electrodes and the at least one second electrode are coupled to the fluid pathway.

3. The medical device of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of first annular electrodes is coupled to the housing and the at least one second electrode is coupled to the valve.

4. The medical device of claim 3 , wherein the housing is made from a rigid non-conductive material, the first conductive material is disposed on a surface of the rigid non-conductive material, the valve is made from an elastic non-conductive material, and the second conductive material is disposed on a surface of the elastic non-conductive material.

5. The medical device of claim 3 , wherein the housing is at least partially made from the first conductive material, and wherein the valve is at least partially made from the second conductive material.

6. The medical device of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of first annular electrodes and the at least one second electrode are coupled to the valve.

7. The medical device of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of first annular electrodes and the at least one second electrode are coupled to the housing.

8. The medical device of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of first annular electrodes are disposed around the valve, and wherein the at least one second electrode comprises a second annular electrode.

9. The medical device of claim 1 , wherein the fluid transfer device comprises a lumen providing the fluid pathway, and wherein the plurality of first annular electrodes and the at least one second electrode are disposed around the fluid pathway.

10. The medical device of claim 9 , wherein the at least one second electrode comprises a plurality of second annular electrodes.

11. The medical device of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of second annular electrodes are thinner than the plurality of first annular electrodes.

12. The medical device of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive material comprises one of silver or zinc, and the second conductive material comprises the other of silver or zinc.

13. The medical device of claim 1 , further comprising:

an indicator comprising (i) a first contact configured to connect to the plurality of first annular electrodes, (ii) a second contact configured to connect to the at least one second electrode, and (iii) at least one of a thermochromic, thermoluminescent, or electroluminescent material visible from an exterior of the fluid transfer device and coupled between the first contact and the second contact.

14. An antimicrobial catheter comprising:

a tubular member configured to couple between a patient and a fluid reservoir;

a lumen extending through the tubular member and providing a fluid pathway to transfer fluid;

a plurality of first annular electrodes disposed around the fluid pathway, the plurality of first annular electrodes comprising a first conductive material; and

at least one second electrode disposed around the fluid pathway and interposed between the plurality of first annular electrodes, the at least one second electrode comprising a second conductive material different from the first conductive material and being configured to form at least one galvanic cell with the plurality of first annular electrodes.

15. The catheter of claim 14 , wherein the at least one second electrode comprises a plurality of second annular electrodes.

16. The catheter of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of second annular electrodes are thinner than the plurality of first annular electrodes.

17. An antimicrobial medical device comprising:

a fluid transfer device configured to couple between a patient and a fluid reservoir;

a fluid pathway extending through the fluid transfer device;

at least one first electrode coupled to the fluid transfer device, the at least one first electrode comprising a first conductive material;

at least one second electrode coupled to the fluid transfer device and spaced apart from the at least one first electrode, the at least one second electrode comprising a second conductive material different from the first conductive material and being configured to form at least one galvanic cell with the at least one first electrode; and

an indicator comprising (i) a first contact configured to connect to the at least one first electrode, (ii) a second contact configured to connect to the at least one second electrode, and (iii) at least one of a thermochromic, thermoluminescent, or electroluminescent material visible from an exterior of the fluid transfer device and coupled between the first contact and the second contact.