Laser welding method
A method for laser keyhole welding of metal alloys is disclosed. The method independently adjusts power in a focused center beam and power in a concentric focused annular beam. At the termination of a weld, the power in the center beam is initially ramped up and then ramped down, while the power in the annular beam is ramped down. Increasing the power in the center beam enables a controlled and prolonged contraction of the keyhole and melt pool, thereby preventing undesirable cracking.
1. A method for laser welding a workpiece, comprising the steps of:
delivering a focused beam of laser-radiation to the workpiece, the workpiece including two pieces to be lap welded, the focused beam having a focused center beam and a concentric focused annular beam, the focused center beam being smaller than the focused annular beam at a focus on the workpiece;
moving the focus laterally with respect to the workpiece from a start location towards a stop location, the center beam having a center processing power and the annular beam having an annular processing power;
ramping down power of the annular beam from the annular processing power to an off-power over a ramping-down time T RD when the focus reaches the stop location; and
ramping up power of the center beam from the center processing power over a first time duration T 1 , then ramping down the power of the center beam to an off-power over a second time duration T 2 , the first time duration T 1 being during the ramping-down time T RD .
2. The method for laser welding of claim 1 , wherein the beam of laser-radiation is delivered from a laser source to a focusing lens by an optical fiber, the focusing lens forming the focused beam.
3. The method for laser welding of claim 2 , wherein the optical fiber includes a center core for guiding the center beam and an annular core for guiding the annular beam.
4. The method for laser welding of claim 1 , wherein the focus is located at a depth of focus with respect to a surface of the workpiece that is in a range between 1 millimeter above the surface and 2 millimeters below the surface.
5. The method for laser welding of claim 1 , wherein the two pieces are separated by a small gap.
6. The method for laser welding of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the center processing power to the annular processing power is less than 1:1.6.
7. The method for laser welding of claim 6 , wherein the ratio of the center processing power to the annular processing power is less than 1:5.
8. The method for laser welding of claim 7 , wherein the ratio of the center processing power to the annular processing power is less than 1:10.
9. The method for laser welding of claim 1 , wherein the off-power is 0 watts.
10. The method for laser welding of claim 1 , wherein the off-power is less than a power to melt a surface of the workpiece.
11. The method for laser welding of claim 1 , wherein the power in the center beam is ramped up at a rate during the first time duration that is less than an absolute rate of ramping down the power in the annular beam.
12. The method for laser welding of claim 1 , wherein the sum of the first and second time durations of the center beam is equal to the ramping-down time of the annular beam.
13. The method for laser welding of claim 12 , wherein the power in the center beam is ramped up at a rate during the first time duration that is equal to an absolute rate of ramping down the power in the annular beam.
14. The method for laser welding of claim 13 , wherein the power in the center beam is ramped down at a rate during the second time duration that is equal to a rate of ramping down the power in the annular beam.
15. The method for laser welding of claim 1 , wherein the power in the center beam is ramped up at a rate during the first time duration that is greater than an absolute rate of ramping down the power in the annular beam.
16. The method for laser welding of claim 1 , wherein the focus is moved laterally with respect to the workpiece at a speed in a range between 50 millimeters per second and 200 millimeters per second.
17. The method for laser welding of claim 1 , wherein the ramping-down time of the annular beam is in a range between 10 milliseconds and 200 milliseconds.
18. The method for laser welding of claim 1 , wherein the workpiece is made of a material selected from the group consisting of Gen3 steel alloy, XGen3 steel alloy, DP600 steel alloy, 5xxx series aluminum alloy, 6xxx series aluminum alloy, and 7xxx series aluminum alloy.