Reforming using sulfur-tolerant reforming catalyst
Sulfur-tolerant reforming catalysts that include bulk alumina in the catalyst support are provided. The sulfur-tolerant reforming catalysts can include a sulfur-tolerant catalytic metal to facilitate reforming. The catalyst can further include a support material that includes at least some alumina as bulk alumina and/or octahedrally coordinated alumina. The sulfur-tolerant reforming catalysts can be regenerated, such as periodically regenerated, under relatively mild conditions that allow the catalysts to maintain reforming activity in the presence of 1 vppm to 1000 vppm of sulfur in the feed for reforming.
1. A method for reforming a hydrocarbon-containing stream, comprising:
exposing a hydrocarbon-containing stream comprising 0.1 vppm or more of sulfur to a catalyst in the presence of at least one of H 2 O and CO 2 under reforming conditions to form a reformed product comprising H 2 , and
exposing the catalyst to a stream comprising 0.1 vol % or more of O 2 at a regeneration temperature for a regeneration time period,
wherein the catalyst comprises 0.1 wt % to 10.0 wt % of a Group VIII metal on a sulfur-tolerant support comprising a mixture of alumina and silica, at least a portion of the alumina comprising bulk alumina.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the exposing the catalyst to a stream comprising 0.1 vol % or more of O 2 is periodic at a regeneration temperature for a regeneration time period.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the regeneration temperature comprises 200° C. to 700° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur-tolerant support comprises 1.0 wt % to 80 wt % alumina.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur-tolerant support further comprises alumina with octahedral coordination.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Group VIII metal comprises Rh, Pd, Pt, or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst further comprises a Group IB metal.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-containing stream is exposed to the catalyst in a reverse flow reactor.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the hydrocarbon-containing stream comprises 5 wt % or more C 2+ hydrocarbons, 40 wt % or more methane, or a combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-containing stream comprises a fuel for a spark ignition engine.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the exposing the hydrocarbon-containing stream to the catalyst further comprises exposing a recycle portion of an exhaust gas from combustion of at least a portion of the reformed product to the catalyst.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-containing stream comprises 0.1 vppm to 20 vppm of sulfur.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a first catalytic metal and a second catalytic metal, the first catalytic metal comprising Rh, Ni, or a combination thereof, the second catalytic metal comprising Pt, Pd, or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein a weight ratio of the first catalytic metal to the second catalytic metal is 0.1 to 10.
15. A reformer comprising a reforming catalyst, the reforming catalyst comprising 0.1 wt % to 10.0 wt % of a Group VIII metal on a sulfur-tolerant support, the sulfur-tolerant support comprising a mixture of alumina and silica, at least a portion of the alumina comprising bulk alumina.
16. The reformer of claim 15 , wherein the reformer comprises a reformer in a reverse flow reforming reactor.
17. The reformer of claim 15 , wherein the reformer comprises an on-board reformer in fluid communication with a spark ignition engine.
18. The reformer of claim 17 , wherein the reformer comprises a reformer inlet in fluid communication with an engine exhaust and a reformer outlet in fluid communication with an engine fuel input.
19. The reformer of claim 15 , wherein the catalyst comprises a first catalytic metal and a second catalytic metal, the first catalytic metal comprising Rh, Ni, or a combination thereof, the second catalytic metal comprising Pt, Pd, or a combination thereof.
20. The reformer of claim 19 , wherein a weight ratio of the first catalytic metal to the second catalytic metal is 0.1 to 10.