Method and devices for operating an internal combustion engine having a supercharging system

1. A method for operating an internal combustion engine with a supercharging system that has an exhaust turbocharger and an electrically driven compressor, an output of the exhaust turbocharger being adjustable via a control element, the method comprising:

determining a boost pressure setpoint for achieving an increased engine torque setpoint;

adjusting the supercharging system to build up an actual boost pressure, in accordance with the boost pressure setpoint, by adapting the output of the exhaust turbocharger via the control element; and

adjusting a positive scavenging gradient in a cylinder of the internal combustion engine as an overriding command variable for driving the supercharging system,

wherein the positive scavenging gradient is a pressure difference across the cylinder between an intake manifold pressure upstream of the cylinder and a pressure that is present within an exhaust gas line of the internal combustion engine downstream of the cylinder,

wherein the positive scavenging gradient is achieved in that the electrically driven compressor and the exhaust turbocharger are operated as a function of one another,

wherein the electrically driven compressor is operated in accordance with a first control variable, and the exhaust turbocharger is operated in accordance with a second control variable, wherein the first reduction factor and the second reduction factor are determined as a function of an actual scavenging gradient, of a valve overlap, of a capacity of an energy storage device, and of an ignition angle.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the control element includes a variable turbine geometry.

3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the adjustment of the supercharging system for achieving the boost pressure setpoint in a first operating state includes an operation of the electrically driven compressor with an optimized maximum output and an operation of the control element in a first, open position.

4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein, when the positive scavenging gradient is reached in the first operating state, the output of the exhaust turbocharger for building up the actual boost pressure and, accordingly, an output of the electrically driven compressor is reduced in a second operating state.

5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the determination of the first reduction factor and the second reduction factors takes place via a plurality of characteristic maps and/or a plurality of characteristic curves.

6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the characteristic maps and/or the characteristic curves are determined empirically or by models.

7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second control variable is greater than a predetermined precontrol variable.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the control element includes a wastegate.

9. A controller for a combustion engine, wherein the controller is configured to perform the method according to claim 1 .

10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the overriding command variable defines that the supercharging system is initially driven such that the positive scavenging gradient is initially set in the cylinder and the actual boost pressure then tracks the boost pressure setpoint.

11. An internal combustion engine comprising:

a supercharging system that has an exhaust turbocharger;

an electrically driven compressor; and

a controller, an output of the exhaust turbocharger being adjustable via a control element,

wherein the internal combustion engine is configured to: adjust the supercharging system to build up an actual boost pressure, in accordance with the boost pressure setpoint, by adapting the output of the exhaust turbocharger via the control element; and

adjust a positive scavenging gradient in a cylinder of the internal combustion engine as an overriding command variable for driving the supercharging system,

wherein the positive scavenging gradient is a pressure difference across the cylinder between an intake manifold pressure upstream of the cylinder and a pressure that is present within an exhaust gas line of the internal combustion engine downstream of the cylinder,

wherein the positive scavenging gradient is achieved in that the electrically driven compressor and the exhaust turbocharger are operated as a function of one another,

wherein the electrically driven compressor is operated in accordance with a first control variable, and the exhaust turbocharger is operated in accordance with a second control variable,

wherein the first control variable is determined based on a first reduction factor and the second control variable is determined based on a second reduction factor, and

wherein the first reduction factor and the second reduction factor are determined as a function of an actual scavenging gradient, of a valve overlap, of a capacity of an energy storage device, and of an ignition angle.

12. A motor vehicle comprising the internal combustion engine according to claim 11 .