Apparatus for generating electrical energy based on hydrophilic fiber membrane and method of fabricating same
Disclosed herein is a complex generator including a hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with an adsorption material. Electrical energy is generated in such a manner that the adsorption material is adsorbed onto a polar solvent in some region of the hydrophilic fiber membrane by asymmetrical wetting of the polar solvent for the hydrophilic fiber membrane.
1. A complex generator, comprising:
a hydrophilic fiber membrane having a surface uniformly coated with an adsorption material,
a first electrode connected to a first end of the hydrophilic fiber membrane; and
a second electrode connected to a second end of the hydrophilic fiber membrane,
wherein electrical energy is generated in such a manner that the adsorption material is adsorbed onto a polar solvent in some region of the uniformly coated surface of the hydrophilic fiber membrane by asymmetrical wetting of the polar solvent for the uniformly coated surface of the hydrophilic fiber membrane, and
wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to be coupled to a component such that the electrical energy is provided to the component.
2. The complex generator of claim 1 , wherein the wetting of the polar solvent for the uniformly coated surface of the hydrophilic fiber membrane forms an electric double layer on a surface of the adsorption material, such that a voltage difference induced by a capacitance difference occurs between a wetted region and a dry region to generate electrical energy.
3. The complex generator of claim 1 , wherein a current is generated based on a continuous flow of electrons caused when cations of the polar solvent included in the hydrophilic fiber membrane flows.
4. The complex generator of claim 3 , wherein the electrical energy is generated by the current generated when hydrogen ions (proton) included in the polar solvent as the cations move from a wetted region of the uniformly coated surface of the hydrophilic fiber membrane to a dry region of the uniformly coated surface of the hydrophilic fiber membrane and electrons included in the adsorption material move in a direction identical with the movement of the hydrogen ions or holes included in the adsorption material moves in a direction opposite the movement of the hydrogen ions in order to maintain charge neutrality.
5. The complex generator of claim 3 , wherein:
the adsorption material comprises conductive polymers, and
when the cations move from a wetted region of the uniformly coated surface of the hydrophilic fiber membrane to a dry region of the uniformly coated surface of the hydrophilic fiber membrane, electrons included in the conductive polymers flow in a direction identical with the movement of the cations in order to maintain charge neutrality.
6. The complex generator of claim 3 , wherein:
the polar solvent comprises a polar protic solvent containing ions, and
cations included in the polar protic solvent move in a direction from a wetted region to a dry region.
7. The complex generator of claim 1 , wherein the asymmetrical wetting comprises wetting between 0.01% and 99.9% of a total volume of the hydrophilic fiber membrane.
8. The complex generator of claim 1 , wherein the polar solvent comprises (1) one solvent of acetic acid, water, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, methanol, isopropanol, ammonia and pyridine or a mixed solvent of two or more of them, (2) a synthetic solution in which ions have been dissolved in at least one polar protic solvent of formic acid, n-butanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, ethanol, methanol and water, or (3) a solution existing in nature like at least one of seawater and sweat.
9. The complex generator of claim 1 , wherein the adsorption material comprises (1) a conductive carbon layer comprising at least one of carbon particles selected from super-P, Denka black, acetylene black and Ketjen black, activated carbon, graphene, and carbon nanotubes or (2) at least one conductive polymer selected from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), polyaniline (PAM), polypyrrole (PPy), Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), Poly(acetylene)s (PAC) and poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS).
10. The complex generator of claim 1 , wherein:
the adsorption material comprises a conductive polymer layer characterized in that cations and anions are simultaneously adsorbed onto the conductive polymer layer, composited in a 0-dimension, 1-dimension or 2-dimension, and coated by loading conductive polymers onto the surface of the hydrophilic fiber membrane in a range of 2.1 mg/cm 3 ˜0.024 mg/cm 3 per unit volume, and
a voltage and current of the generated electrical energy are controlled through an amount of the loaded conductive polymers.
11. The complex generator of claim 1 , wherein:
the adsorption material comprises a carbon layer in which carbon has been loaded onto the surface of the hydrophilic fiber membrane in a range of 0.9 mg/cm 3 ˜0.007 mg/cm 3 per unit volume, and
an amount and power of the electrical energy is adjustable through control of a generated current by changing resistance of the hydrophilic fiber membrane through control of an amount of the carbon.
12. The complex generator of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic fiber membrane comprises at least one material selected from cotton fabric, Korean mulberry paper, a polypropylene membrane, oxygen plasma-processed non-woven fabric, hydrophilic surface-processed textile and nano fiber.
13. The complex generator of claim 1 , wherein:
the hydrophilic fiber membrane comprises hydrophilic fiber strands in order to improve a specific surface area of the surface and an adsorption force for the polar solvent, and
the adsorption material is bound and coated to a surface of each fiber strand.
14. The complex generator of claim 1 , wherein a diameter of a fiber strand forming the hydrophilic fiber membrane is included in a range of 50 nm to 500 μm.
15. The complex generator of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is included in a range of 5 μm to 1 mm.
16. The complex generator of claim 1 , wherein a breadth and length aspect ratio of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is 1 or more.
17. The complex generator of claim 1 , wherein in order to increase a density and generation time of the electrical energy, at least one of an amount, voltage and power density of the electrical energy and an adsorption force for the polar solvent is adjusted by stacking a plurality of the hydrophilic fiber membranes coated with the adsorption material or connecting the hydrophilic fiber membranes in parallel or in series.