Flow-through electrode capacitive deionization cell

1. A capacitive deionization device for removing ions from a target solution, comprising:

a first porous electrode;

a second porous electrode below and spaced from the first porous electrode;

a first frame around the first porous electrode and attached with the first porous electrode by epoxy between the first frame and the first porous electrode;

a second frame around the second porous electrode and attached with the second porous electrode by epoxy between the second frame and the second porous electrode;

a first header plate disposed on the first frame, the first header plate defining an input flow channel that is in fluidic communication with the first porous electrode;

a second header plate disposed below the second frame, the second header plate defining an output flow channel that is in fluidic communication with the second porous electrode;

a sealant disposed between the first header plate and the second header plate, the sealant comprising a first gasket adjacent to the first header plate and a second gasket adjacent to the second header plate, the sealant, the first header plate, and the second header plate defining a space accommodating at least the first porous electrode and the second porous electrode, the sealant surrounding the first porous electrode and the second porous electrode to seal the space;

a first current collector having a first portion and a second portion, the first portion of the first current collector disposed between (i) the first porous electrode and the first frame and (ii) the first gasket, the second portion of the first current collector extending beyond the first frame and the first gasket; and

a second current collector having a first portion and a second portion, the first portion of the second current collector disposed between (i) the second porous electrode and the second frame and (ii) the second gasket, the second portion of the second current collector extending beyond the second frame and the second gasket.

2. The capacitive deionization device of claim 1 , further comprising:

a non-conductive separator disposed between the first porous electrode and the second porous electrode, the non-conductive separator being permeable to the target solution, the sealant surrounding the non-conductive separator.

3. The capacitive deionization device of claim 1 , further comprising:

an electric circuit electrically connecting the second portion of the first current collector and the second portion of the second current collector, during operation the electric circuit producing an electric field across the first porous electrode and the second porous electrode.

4. The capacitive deionization device of claim 1 , wherein the first porous electrode has micrometer-scale pores permeable to the target solution, and the first porous electrode has nanometer-scale pores to which ions of the target solution having a first charge state adsorb in response to an electric field across the first porous electrode and the second porous electrode.

5. The capacitive deionization device of claim 1 , wherein the second porous electrode has micrometer-scale pores permeable to the target solution, and the second porous electrode has nanometer-scale pores to which ions of the target solution having a second charge state adsorb in response to an electric field across the first porous electrode and the second porous electrode.

6. The capacitive deionization device of claim 1 , wherein the sealant is an ultraviolet (UV)-curable epoxy that includes a UV photo-acid generator.

7. The capacitive deionization device of claim 1 , further comprising:

an input flow line attached to the first header plate, the input flow line in fluidic communication with the input flow channel of the first header plate; and

an output flow line attached to the second header plate, the output flow line in fluidic communication with the output flow channel of the second header plate.