All-solid secondary battery and method of manufacturing all-solid secondary battery

1. An all-solid secondary battery comprising:

an anode comprising an anode current collector and a first anode active material layer;

a cathode comprising a cathode active material layer; and

a solid electrolyte layer between the anode and the cathode,

wherein the first anode active material layer comprises an anode active material and an ionic compound,

wherein the ionic compound comprises a binary compound, a ternary compound, or a combination thereof,

wherein the ionic compound does not comprise a plurality of sulfur atoms,

wherein the ionic compound is a lithium salt compound,

wherein the lithium salt compound comprises: a binary compound, wherein the binary compound comprises LiF, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiH, Li 2 S, Li 2 O, Li 2 Se, Li 2 Te, Li 3 N, Li 3 P, Li 3 As, Li 3 Sb, LiB 3 , or a combination thereof; a ternary compound , wherein the ternary compound comprises Li 3 OCl, LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAlO 2 , LiAlCl 4 , LiNO 3 , Li 2 CO 3 , LiBH 4 , Li 2 SO 4 , Li 3 BO 3 , Li 3 PO 4 , Li 4 NCl, Li 5 NCl 2 , Li 3 BN 2 , or a combination thereof, or a combination thereof, and

wherein the solid electrolyte layer comprises a sulfide solid electrolyte.

2. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the ionic compound is an inorganic compound.

3. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the ionic compound is a crystalline compound or an amorphous compound.

4. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein

the ionic compound comprises a binary compound, and the binary compound has a rocksalt-type structure, a wurtzite-type structure, an antifluorite structure, or a hexagonal structure,

the ionic compound comprises a ternary compound, and the ternary compound has a crystal structure of an antiperovskite-type structure, a layered-type structure, a spinel-type structure, or a trigonal structure, or

a combination thereof.

5. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt compound comprises an anion having an ionic radius of greater than 0 nanometers to about 0.40 nanometers.

6. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt compound comprises LiF, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, or a combination thereof.

7. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt compound is not a composite with a sulfide, an oxide, or a combination thereof.

8. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the ionic compound is about 3 weight percent to about 50 weight percent, based on a total weight of the first anode active material layer.

9. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the ionic compound is about 3 weight percent to about 30 weight percent, based on a total weight of the first anode active material layer.

10. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode active material is in a particulate form, and the anode active material has an average particle diameter of greater than 0 micrometers to about 4 micrometers.

11. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode active material comprises a carbonaceous anode active material, a metal anode active material, a metalloid anode active material, or a combination thereof.

12. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 10 , wherein the anode active material comprises the carbonaceous anode active material and the carbonaceous anode active material comprises amorphous carbon.

13. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 10 , wherein the anode active material comprises the metal anode active material or the metalloid anode active material, and

the metal anode active material or the metalloid anode active material comprises gold, platinum, palladium, silicon, silver, aluminum, bismuth, tin, antimony, magnesium, zinc, or a combination thereof.

14. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode active material comprises a mixture of

a first particle comprising amorphous carbon, and

a second particle comprising a metal, metalloid, or a combination thereof, and

an amount of the second particle is about 8 weight percent to about 60 weight percent, based on a total weight of the mixture.

15. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the first anode active material layer further comprises a binder.

16. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the first anode active material layer is about 50% or less of a thickness of the cathode active material layer, and the first anode active material layer has a thickness of about 1 micrometer to about 20 micrometers.

17. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , further comprising a film on the anode current collector, wherein the film comprises an element alloyable with lithium, and wherein the film is located between the anode current collector and the first anode active material layer.

18. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 17 , wherein the film has a thickness of about 1 nanometer to about 800 nanometers.

19. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , further comprising a second anode active material layer between the anode current collector and the solid electrolyte layer, wherein the second anode active material layer is a metal layer comprising lithium, a lithium alloy, or a combination thereof.

20. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 19 , wherein the second anode active material layer is between the anode current collector and the first anode active material layer, between the solid electrolyte layer and the first anode active material layer, within the first anode active material layer, or a combination thereof.

21. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode current collector, the first anode active material layer, and a region between the anode current collector and the solid electrolyte layer do not comprise lithium or a lithium alloy.

22. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode current collector is directly on the first anode active material layer, and the first anode active material layer is directly on the solid electrolyte layer.

23. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the sulfide solid electrolyte comprises Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 —LiX, wherein X is a halogen, Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 —Li 2 O, Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 —Li 2 O—LiI, Li 2 S—SiS 2 , Li 2 S—SiS 2 —LiI, Li 2 S—SiS 2 —LiBr, Li 2 S—SiS 2 —LiCl, Li 2 S—SiS 2 —B 2 S 3 —LiI, Li 2 S—SiS 2 —P 2 S 5 —LiI, Li 2 S—B 2 S 3 , Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 —Z m S n , wherein m and n are each independently a positive number, and Z is Ge, Zn, or Ga, Li 2 S—GeS 2 , Li 2 S—SiS 2 —Li 3 PO 4 , Li 2 S—SiS 2 —Li p MO q , wherein p and q are each independently a positive number, and M is P, Si, Ge, B, Al, Ga, or In, or a combination thereof.

24. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the sulfide solid electrolyte comprises Li 7 P 3 S 11 , Li 7 PS 6 , Li 4 P 2 S 6 , Li 3 PS 6 , Li 3 PS 4 , Li 2 P 2 S 6 , or a combination thereof.

25. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the sulfide solid electrolyte comprises a lithium argyrodite solid electrolyte represented by Formula 1:

Li + 12-n-x A n+ X 2− 6-x Y 1− x   Formula 1

wherein, in Formula 1,

0≤x≤2,

A is P, As, Ge, Ga, Sb, Si, Sn, Al, In, Ti, V, Nb, or Ta,

X is S, Se, or Te, and

Y′ is Cl, Br, I, F, CN, OCN, SCN, or N 3 , and

n is a valence of A.

26. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 25 , wherein the lithium argyrodite solid electrolyte comprises Li 7-x PS 6-x Cl x , wherein 0≤x≤2, Li 7-x PS 6-x Br x , wherein 0≤x≤2, Li 7-x PS 6-x I x , wherein 0≤x≤2, or a combination thereof.

27. The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte layer comprises a solid electrolyte having an elastic modulus of about 15 gigapascals to about 35 gigapascals.

28. A method of manufacturing the all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , the method comprising:

providing the anode;

providing the cathode;

providing the solid electrolyte layer between the anode and the cathode to thereby prepare a laminate;

pressing the laminate to manufacture the all-solid secondary battery,

wherein the ionic compound is a lithium salt compound,

wherein the lithium salt compound comprises: a binary compound, wherein the binary compound comprises LiF, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiH, Li 2 S, Li 2 O, Li 2 Se, Li 2 Te, Li 3 N, Li 3 P, Li 3 As, Li 3 Sb, LiB 3 , or a combination thereof; a ternary compound , wherein the ternary compound comprises Li 3 OCl, LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAlO 2 , LiAlCl 4 , LiNO 3 , Li 2 CO 3 , LiBH 4 , Li 2 SO 4 , Li 3 BO 3 , Li 3 PO 4 , Li 4 NCl, Li 5 NCl 2 , Li 3 BN 2 , or a combination thereof, or a combination thereof, and

wherein the solid electrolyte layer comprises a sulfide solid electrolyte.

29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the pressing is performed at a temperature in a range of about 20° C. to about 90° C. for about 1 millisecond to about 30 minutes.

30. The method of claim 28 , wherein the pressing comprises cold isostatic pressing, roll pressing, or flat pressing.

31. The method of claim 28 , wherein, in the pressing, a pressure of greater than 0 megapascals to about 500 megapascals is applied to the laminate.

32. The method of claim 28 , wherein the ionic compound does not comprise phosphorous and sulfur at the same time.

33. An all-solid secondary battery comprising:

an anode comprising

an anode current collector and

a first anode active material layer, wherein the first anode active material layer comprises

an anode active material and

an ionic compound, wherein the ionic compound comprises LiF, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiH, Li 2 S, Li 2 O, Li 2 Se, Li 2 Te, Li 3 N, Li 3 P, Li 3 As, Li 3 Sb, LiB 3 , or a combination thereof, and optionally Li 3 OCl, LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAlO 2 , LiAlCl 4 , LiNO 3 , Li 2 CO 3 , LiBH 4 , Li 2 SO 4 , Li 3 BO 3 , Li 3 PO 4 , Li 4 NCl, Li 5 NCl 2 , Li 3 BN 2 , or a combination thereof, and wherein an amount of the ionic compound is about 3 weight percent to about 30 weight percent, based on a total weight of the first anode active material layer;

a cathode comprising a cathode active material layer; and

a solid electrolyte layer between the anode and the cathode, wherein the solid electrolyte layer comprises Li 7 P 3 S 11 , Li 7 PS 6 , Li 4 P 2 S 6 , Li 3 PS 6 , Li 3 PS 4 , Li 2 P 2 S 6 , or a combination thereof, and optionally Li 7-x PS 6-x Cl x , wherein 0≤x≤2, Li 7-x PS 6-x Br x , wherein 0≤x≤2, Li 7-x PS 6-x I x , wherein 0≤x≤2, or a combination thereof.