Digital microfluidics systems and methods with integrated plasma collection device
A digital microfluidics (DMF) device can be used to extract plasma from whole blood and manipulate the extracted plasma. The device can have a plasma separation membrane disposed between a sample inlet and sample outlet that leads into the DMF device. Once the plasma contacts the actuation electrodes of the DMF device, the plasma can be actively extracted from the whole blood sample by actuating the actuation electrodes to pull the plasma through plasma separation membrane.
1. An air-matrix digital microfluidic (DMF) apparatus configured to process whole blood and manipulate plasma extracted from the whole blood, the apparatus comprising:
a first plate having a first hydrophobic layer;
a second plate having a first side coated with a second hydrophobic layer, the second plate having a sample outlet;
an air gap formed between the first and second hydrophobic layers;
a plurality of actuation electrodes adjacent to the first hydrophobic layer;
a sample inlet positioned over the sample outlet, the sample inlet configured to receive a sample of whole blood;
a plasma separation membrane positioned between the sample inlet and the sample outlet, the plasma separation membrane configured to extract plasma into the sample outlet from the whole blood in the sample inlet; and
a controller programmed to actuate a subset of the plurality of actuation electrodes that are activated when the plasma extracted from the whole blood contacts the first plate in order to draw the plasma through the plasma separation membrane.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sample inlet has a super-hydrophobic surface.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the second plate has a second side with a super-hydrophobic surface, wherein the plasma separation membrane is positioned between the super-hydrophobic surface of the second plate and the super-hydrophobic surface of the sample inlet.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sample inlet comprises a cover plate with a hole.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sample inlet is positioned above the sample outlet such that when the sample of whole blood is placed in the sample inlet, gravity draws the plasma through the plasma separation membrane.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plasma separation membrane is porous and has larger pores positioned towards the sample inlet and smaller pores positioned towards the sample outlet.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the plasma separation membrane is an assembly of a plurality of membranes having different pore sizes.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first plate is part of a reusable device and the second plate is part of a disposable cartridge.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the actuation electrodes are disposed on a removable film.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sample outlet is larger than the sample inlet.
11. A method of extracting plasma from whole blood in an air-matrix digital microfluidic (DMF) apparatus, the method comprising:
prewetting a plasma separation membrane before introducing a sample of whole blood into a sample inlet of the air matrix DMF apparatus;
introducing the sample of whole blood into the sample inlet;
extracting plasma from the sample of whole blood in the sample inlet through a plasma separation membrane and into a sample outlet of the air-matrix DMF apparatus;
transporting the extracted plasma from the sample outlet to one or more actuation electrodes of a plurality of actuation electrodes of the air-matrix DMF apparatus; and
actuating the one or more actuation electrodes of the air-matrix DMF apparatus to actively extract plasma from the sample of whole blood.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the sample inlet is positioned above the sample outlet such that when the sample of whole blood is introduced into the sample inlet, gravity draws the plasma through the plasma separation membrane.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the plasma separation membrane is sandwiched between a pair of super-hydrophobic surfaces.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the extracted plasma is transported from the sample outlet to one or more actuation electrodes at least in part by gravity.
15. The method of claim 11 , further comprising detecting when the extracted plasma contacts the one or more actuation electrodes.
16. The method of claim 11 , further comprising actuating the one or more actuation electrodes after the extracted plasma contacts the one or more actuation electrodes.
17. The method of claim 11 , further comprising actuating the one or more actuation electrodes before the extracted plasma contacts the one or more actuation electrodes.
18. A method of extracting plasma from whole blood in an air-matrix digital microfluidic (DMF) apparatus, the method comprising:
introducing a sample of whole blood into a sample inlet of the air-matrix DMF apparatus;
extracting plasma from the sample of whole blood in the sample inlet through a plasma separation membrane and into a sample outlet of the air-matrix DMF apparatus;
transporting the extracted plasma from the sample outlet to one or more actuation electrodes of a plurality of actuation electrodes of the air-matrix DMF apparatus; and
actuating the one or more actuation electrodes of the air-matrix DMF apparatus to actively extract plasma from the sample of whole blood, wherein the extracted plasma is transported from the sample outlet to one or more actuation electrodes at least in part by gravity.