Methods and compositions for production of fallopian tube epithelium
The fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) has been recognized as a site of origin of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). However, absence of relevant in vitro human models that can recapitulate tissue-specific architecture has hindered understanding of FTE transformation and initiation of HGSC. Here, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were used to establish a novel 3-dimensional (3D) human FTE organoid in vitro model containing the relevant cell types of the human fallopian tube as well as a luminal architecture that closely reflects the organization of fallopian tissues in vivo. Modulation of Wnt and nodal/activin signaling pathways provided iPSC differentiation into Müllerian cells and subsequent use of pro-Müllerian growth factors promoted FTE precursors. The expression of Müllerian markers verified correct cellular differentiation. An innovative 3D growth platform, which enabled the FTE organoid to self-organize into a convoluted luminal structure, permitted final differentiation to a FTE lineage. This powerful human-derived FTE organoid model can be used to study the earliest stages of HGSC development and to identify novel and specific biomarkers of early fallopian tube epithelial cell transformation.
1. A method for generating a fallopian tube epithelium (FTE), the method comprising:
providing a quantity of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs);
culturing the hPSCs in the presence of at least one first growth factor comprising Activin A and at least one first induction molecule comprising CHIR99021 to generate mesoderm cells;
further culturing the mesoderm cells in the presence of at least one second growth factor comprising BMP4, at least one second induction molecule comprising CHIR99021, and at least one first kinase inhibitor comprising ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 to generate intermediate mesoderm (IM) cells;
additionally culturing the IM cells in the presence of at least one third growth factor comprising WNT4, and at least one second kinase inhibitor comprising ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 to generate Mullerian epithelium cells; and
differentiating the Mullerian epithelium cells by addition of one or more fourth growth factors selected from follistatin, estrogen, or progesterone into FTE.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hPSCs are human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein culturing the hPSCs comprises about 2 days.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein further culturing the mesoderm cells comprises about 2 days.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein additionally culturing the IM cells comprises about 2 days.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fourth growth factors comprise follistatin, estrogen, and progesterone.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the IM cells are organized as spheroids.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the spheroids are subsequently cultured in a matrix.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the FTE are organized as organoids.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the FTE organoids are matured by further culturing for about 14-65 days.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mesoderm cells express one or more of: BRACHYURY or MIXL1.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the IM cells express one or more of: PAX2, OSR1, GATA3, or WT1.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Mullerian epithelium cells express one or more of: WT1 or OVGP1.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Mullerian epithelium cells do not express one or more of: SIX2, FOXD1, CDX2 or NKX2-1.
15. A method of generating fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) organoids, the method comprising:
providing a quantity of intermediate mesoderm (IM) cells;
culturing the IM cells in a matrix and in the presence of at least one first growth factor comprising WNT4, and at least one kinase inhibitor comprising ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 to generate Mullerian epithelium cells; and
differentiating the Mullerian epithelium cells by addition of one or more second growth factors selected from follistatin, estrogen, or progesterone into FTE organoids.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein culturing the IM cells comprises about 2 days.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the one or more second growth factors comprise follistatin, estrogen, and progesterone.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the FTE organoids are matured by further culturing for about 14-65 days.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the FTE organoids express one or more of: TUBB4A, FOXJ1, or PAX8.