Multicore fiber with exterior cladding region
A multicore optical fiber includes two or more cores, a common interior cladding surrounding the two or more cores, and a common exterior cladding surrounding the common interior cladding. The common exterior cladding has a lower relative refractive index than the common interior cladding and reduces tunneling losses from the cores. The reduced tunneling loss allows placement of cores closer to the edge of the fiber, thus providing multicore optical fibers having higher core count for a given fiber diameter. Separation between cores is controlled to minimize crosstalk.
1. A multicore optical fiber comprising:
a multicore glass fiber, the multicore glass fiber comprising:
a plurality of core regions, each of the plurality of core regions surrounded by and directly adjacent to a dedicated inner cladding region, the dedicated inner cladding region having a radius r 2 in the range from 4.0 μm-10.0 μm and a relative refractive index Δ 2 in the range from −0.10% to 0.10%, each of the plurality of core regions further surrounded by a dedicated depressed index cladding region directly adjacent to the dedicated inner cladding region, the dedicated depressed index cladding region having a radius r 3 in the range from the range from 7.0 μm-20.0 μm and a relative refractive index Δ 3 in the range from −0.80% to −0.10%;
a common interior cladding region surrounding the dedicated depressed index cladding region of each of the plurality of core regions, the common interior cladding region having a relative refractive index Δ 4 and a radius R 4 ; and
a common exterior cladding region surrounding the common interior cladding region, the common exterior cladding region having a radius R 5 >R 4 and a relative refractive index Δ 5 <Δ 4 .
2. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of core regions includes 4 or more core regions.
3. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of core regions has a radius r 1 in the range from 3.0 μm-8.0 μm and a relative refractive index Δ 1 in the range from 0.20%-0.80%.
4. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the dedicated inner cladding region of each of the plurality of core regions has a radius r 2 in the range from 9.0 μm-18.0 μm and a relative refractive index Δ 2 in the range from −0.80% to −0.10%.
5. The multicore optical fiber of claim 4 , wherein the common interior cladding region is directly adjacent to the dedicated inner cladding region of each of the plurality of core regions.
6. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the common interior cladding region is directly adjacent to the dedicated depressed index cladding region of each of the plurality of core regions.
7. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the relative refractive index Δ 4 is in the range from −0.30% to 0.30% and the radius R 4 is in the range from 50.0 μm-125.0 μm.
8. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the relative refractive index Δ 5 is in the range from −0.80% to −0.10%.
9. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein a difference Δ 4 −Δ 5 is greater than 0.10%.
10. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the radius R 5 is in the range from 50.0 μm-130.0 μm.
11. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein a difference R 5 −R 4 is in the range from 4.0 μm-12.0 μm.
12. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the common exterior cladding region has a profile area A P greater than or equal to 2.0% μm.
13. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the common exterior cladding region is directly adjacent to the common interior cladding region.
14. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of core regions has a mode field diameter (MFD) at 1310 nm greater than 7.0 μm.
15. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein an average core spacing of all pairs of adjacent core regions of the plurality of core regions is greater than 25 μm.
16. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of core regions comprises at least one core region having an edge spacing less than 20.0 μm.
17. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of core regions comprises at least two core regions having an edge spacing less than 30.0 μm.
18. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of core regions comprises at least three core regions having an edge spacing less than 30.0 μm.
19. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein a crosstalk between each pair of adjacent core regions of the plurality of core regions is less than −60 dB/km at 1310 nm.
20. The multicore optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein a crosstalk between each pair of adjacent core regions of the plurality of core regions is less than −50 dB/km at 1550 nm.