Apparatus for extracorporeal treatment of blood

1. An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus comprising:

a blood treatment device comprising a blood chamber and a fluid chamber separated from one another by a semipermeable membrane;

an extracorporeal blood circuit comprising a blood withdrawal line connected to an inlet port of the blood chamber and a blood return line connected to an outlet port of the blood chamber;

a blood pump coupled to the blood withdrawal line;

a closed fluid line connected to an inlet port of the fluid chamber and to an outlet port of the fluid chamber, wherein the closed fluid line together with the fluid chamber forms a recirculation loop;

an evacuation line departing from the closed fluid line;

a warming device coupled to the closed fluid line;

a recirculation pump coupled to the closed fluid line;

at least one temperature sensor operative on the extracorporeal blood circuit and configured to sense a blood temperature; and

a control unit connected to the warming device, to the recirculation pump, and to said at least one temperature sensor,

wherein the control unit is configured to:

receive from the temperature sensor at least a signal correlated to the blood temperature; and

adjust said blood temperature by controlling the recirculation pump.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the blood temperature comprises: bringing and keeping the blood temperature to a preset blood temperature.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the temperature sensor is placed close to the outlet port of the blood chamber and is configured to sense a blood outlet temperature.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the blood temperature comprises regulating a fluid flow rate in the recirculation loop by controlling the recirculation pump.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the recirculation pump is controlled to set the fluid flow rate in the recirculation loop to a preset fluid flow rate, and

wherein adjusting the blood temperature comprises: regulating a power of the fluid warming device.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the recirculation pump is a peristaltic pump, and

wherein adjusting the blood temperature comprises: regulating a recirculation pump flow rate.

7. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the warming device is controlled to set the fluid temperature in the recirculation loop to a preset fluid temperature, and

wherein adjusting the blood temperature comprises: regulating a recirculation pump flow rate.

8. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein adjusting the blood temperature comprises:

setting the fluid flow rate in a recirculation pump section of the recirculation loop to zero;

regulating the fluid temperature; and

if said fluid temperature is at a maximum and the preset blood temperature is not reached, keeping the fluid temperature at the maximum and increasing the fluid flow rate in the recirculation loop until the preset blood temperature is reached.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , comprising a dialysis line connected to the closed fluid line for supplying a fresh treatment fluid to the inlet port of the fluid chamber, and

wherein the warming device is placed downstream of the recirculation pump on the closed fluid line and the dialysis line is connected between the warming device and the recirculation pump.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of: (i) a pre-infusion line connected to the blood withdrawal line, (ii) a post-infusion line connected to the blood return line, and (iii) a pre-pump infusion line connected to the blood withdrawal line upstream of the blood pump, and

wherein the post-infusion line is connected between the outlet port of the blood chamber and the blood temperature sensor.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the at least one of (i) the post infusion line, (ii) the pre infusion line, and (iii) the pre-pump infusion line passes through the fluid warming device to heat the infusion fluid before reaching the blood circuit.

12. The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising a heat exchanger placed on the closed fluid line, and

wherein the at least one of (i) the post infusion line, (ii) the pre infusion line, and (iii) the pre-pump infusion line passes through said heat exchanger to exchange heat with the fluid in the closed fluid line before reaching the blood circuit.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the heat exchanger is placed downstream of the fluid warming device.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an air trap operative on the closed fluid line, and

wherein the control unit is configured to execute a degassing procedure of the semipermeable membrane of the blood treatment device.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the air trap is located between the fluid warming device and the inlet port of the fluid chamber, and

wherein the degassing procedure comprises: controlling the recirculation pump to reverse the fluid flow in the recirculation loop.

16. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the air trap is located between the recirculation pump and the outlet port of the fluid chamber and the evacuation line departs from said air trap, and

wherein the degassing procedure comprises: controlling the recirculation pump to pump fluid at a maximum fluid flow rate.

17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is further configured to ultrafilter blood by removing plasma water from blood in the extracorporeal blood circuit and to contemporaneously re-circulate fluid in the recirculation loop.

18. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to allow recirculation of fluid in the recirculation loop and to perform selective fluid removal from the closed fluid line via the evacuation line during fluid recirculation in the recirculation loop.

19. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to adjust said blood temperature by controlling the recirculation pump and the warming device.

20. An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus, comprising:

a blood treatment device comprising a blood chamber and a fluid chamber separated from one another by a semipermeable membrane;

an extracorporeal blood circuit comprising a blood withdrawal line connected to an inlet port of the blood chamber and a blood return line connected to an outlet port of the blood chamber;

a blood pump configured to be coupled to the blood withdrawal line;

a closed fluid line connected to an inlet port of the fluid chamber and to an outlet port of the fluid chamber, wherein the closed fluid line together with the fluid chamber forms a recirculation loop;

a dialysis line connected to the closed fluid line for supplying a fresh treatment fluid to the inlet port of the fluid chamber;

an evacuation line departing from the closed fluid line;

a warming device coupled to or configured to be coupled to the closed fluid line;

a recirculation pump coupled to or configured to be coupled to the closed fluid line;

at least one temperature sensor operative on the extracorporeal blood circuit and configured to sense a blood temperature; and

a control unit connected to the warming device, to the recirculation pump and to said at least one temperature sensor;

wherein the control unit is configured to:

receive from the temperature sensor at least a signal correlated to the blood temperature; and

adjust said blood temperature by controlling the recirculation pump,

wherein the control unit is further configured to allow recirculation of fluid in the recirculation loop and selective fluid removal from the closed fluid line via the evacuation line during fluid recirculation in the recirculation loop.

21. The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the control unit is configured to adjust said blood temperature by controlling the recirculation pump and the warming device.

22. An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus, comprising:

a blood treatment device comprising a blood chamber and a fluid chamber separated from one another by a semipermeable membrane;

an extracorporeal blood circuit comprising a blood withdrawal line connected to an inlet port of the blood chamber and a blood return line connected to an outlet port of the blood chamber;

a blood pump configured to be coupled to the blood withdrawal line;

a closed fluid line connected to an inlet port of the fluid chamber and to an outlet port of the fluid chamber, wherein the closed fluid line together with the fluid chamber forms a recirculation loop;

a dialysis line connected to the closed fluid line for supplying a fresh treatment fluid to the inlet port of the fluid chamber;

an evacuation line departing from the closed fluid line;

a warming device coupled to or configured to be coupled to the closed fluid line;

a recirculation pump coupled to or configured to be coupled to the closed fluid line;

at least one temperature sensor operative on the extracorporeal blood circuit and configured to sense a blood temperature; and

a control unit connected to the warming device, to the recirculation pump and to said at least one temperature sensor,

wherein the control unit is configured to execute the following procedure:

receiving from the temperature sensor at least a signal correlated to the blood temperature; and

adjusting said blood temperature by controlling the recirculation pump.

23. The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein the control unit is configured to execute the following procedure: adjusting said blood temperature by controlling the recirculation pump and the warming device.