Method and apparatus with battery management

1. A processor-implemented battery management method, comprising:

estimating state information of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack using a first battery state estimation model;

determining whether state information of at least one of the plurality of battery cells is to be estimated using a second battery state estimation model; and

estimating the state information of the at least one battery cell using the second model, in response to a result of the determining being that the state information of the at least one battery cell is to be estimated using the second model,

wherein the estimating the state information of the at least one battery cell using the second model includes determining either one or both of a concentration distribution and a potential in an electrode in an electrochemical model.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first model is a lightened model including any one or any combination of any two or more of an equivalent circuit model, a current integration model, and a reduced order model to estimate state information of a battery cell using less computation than the second model.

3. The method of claim 2 ,

wherein the estimating of the state information of the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack using the first model includes determining any one or any combination of any two or more of an internal resistance of the equivalent circuit model, a capacitance of the equivalent circuit model, a representative potential of the reduced order model, and a concentration of the reduced order model.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second model is a precise model including the electrochemical model.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second battery state estimation model estimates the state information of the at least one battery cell by performing a greater amount of computations than performed by the first model in estimating the state information of the at least one battery cell.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining comprises determining either one or both of whether the state information of the at least one battery cell estimated by the first model is abnormal state information and whether a preset time has elapsed since a previous estimation of battery cell state information using the second model.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the determining of whether the state information of the at least one battery cell estimated by the first model is abnormal state information includes comparing a reference value to either one or both of the state information of the at least one battery cell estimated by the first model, and a value derived from the state information of the at least one battery cell estimated by the first model.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining comprises determining that the state information of the at least one battery cell is to be estimated using the second model in response to determining that the state information of the at least one battery cell estimated by the first model is abnormal state information.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining comprises:

determining that state information of the at least one battery cell is to be estimated using the second model based on a predetermined battery cell selection scheme, in response to a preset time elapsing.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the predetermined battery cell selection scheme includes either one or both of:

a round-robin scheme wherein the at least one battery cell is selected from among the plurality of battery cells based on a sequential order of the plurality of battery cells; and

a random scheme wherein the at least one battery cell is randomly selected from among the plurality of battery cells.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining comprises determining whether a difference between the state information of the at least one battery cell estimated by the first model and the state information of another battery cell of the plurality of battery cells estimated by the first model is greater than or equal to a reference value.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining comprises:

determining a rate of change over time of the state information of the at least one battery cell estimated by the first model; and

determining whether the rate of change is greater than or equal to a reference rate to indicate whether the state information of the at least one of the plurality of battery cells is to be estimated using the second model.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining comprises determining whether the state information of the at least one battery cell estimated by the first model is within a reference range to indicate whether the state information of the at least one of the plurality of battery cells is to be estimated using the second model.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining comprises determining whether a preset time has elapsed since a previous estimation of battery cell state information using the second model to indicate whether the state information of the at least one of the plurality of battery cells is to be estimated using the second model.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining comprises:

determining whether the state information of any one of the plurality of battery cells estimated by the first model is abnormal state information;

determining whether a preset time has elapsed since a previous estimation of battery cell state information using the second model, in response to determining that none of the state informations of the plurality of battery cells are abnormal state information; and

determining that the state information of the at least one battery cell is to be estimated using the second model in response to either one of determining that the state information of the at least one battery cell estimated by the first model is abnormal state information, and determining that the preset time has elapsed.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the determining comprises determining that the state information of the at least one battery cell is not to be estimated using the second model in response to determining that none of the state informations of the plurality of battery cells are abnormal state information and the preset time has not elapsed.

17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

verifying whether the state information of the at least one battery cell estimated using the second model is abnormal state information; and

transmitting, to an external system, information indicating that the state information of the at least one battery cell is abnormal, in response to verifying that the state information of the at least one battery cell estimated using the second model is abnormal state information.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the state information of the plurality of battery cells includes either one or both of states of charge (SOCs) and states of health (SOHs) of the plurality of battery cells.

19. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, configure the one or more processors to perform the method of claim 1 .

20. A battery management apparatus, comprising:

one or more processors configured to:

estimate state information of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack using a first battery state estimation model,

determine whether state information of at least one of the plurality of battery cells is to be estimated using a second battery state estimation model, and

estimate the state information of the at least one battery cell using the second model by determining either one or both of a concentration distribution and a potential in an electrode in an electrochemical model, in response to determining that the state information of the at least one battery cell is to be estimated using the second model.

21. The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein, for the determining, the one or more processors are configured to determine either one or both of whether the state information of the at least one battery cell estimated by the first model is abnormal state information and whether a preset time has elapsed since a previous estimation of battery cell state information using the second model.

22. The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein, for the determining, the one or more processors are configured to determine that the state information of the at least one battery cell is to be estimated using the second model in response to determining that the state information of the at least one battery cell estimated by the first model is abnormal state information.

23. The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein, for the determining, the one or more processors are configured to determine that state information of the at least one battery cell is to be estimated using the second model based on a predetermined battery cell selection scheme, in response to a preset time elapsing.

24. The apparatus of claim 20 , further comprising a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, configure the one or more processors to perform:

the estimating of the state information of the plurality of battery cells using the first model,

the determining of whether the state information of the at least one of the plurality of battery cells is to be estimated using the second model, and

the estimating of the state information of the at least one battery cell using the second model.