Aluminum metal-cored welding wire
The present disclosure relates to a metal-cored welding wire, and, more specifically, to a metal-cored aluminum welding wire for arc welding, such as Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). A disclosed metal-cored aluminum welding wire includes a metallic sheath and a granular core disposed within the metallic sheath. The granular core includes a first alloy having a plurality of elements, wherein the first alloy has a solidus that is lower than each of the respective melting points of the plurality of elements of the first alloy. The granular core comprises aluminum metal matrix nano-composites (Al-MMNCs) that comprise an aluminum metal matrix and ceramic nanoparticles.
1. A metal-cored aluminum welding wire, comprising:
a metallic sheath; and
a granular core disposed within the metallic sheath, wherein the granular core includes a first alloy comprising a plurality of elements, wherein the first alloy has a solidus that is lower than each of the respective melting points of each of the plurality of elements of the first alloy;
wherein the solidus of the metallic sheath is at least 5% greater than the solidus of the first alloy;
wherein the granular core includes additional alloys, wherein each of the additional alloys has a solidus that is higher than the solidus of the first alloy; and
wherein the granular core further includes aluminum metal matrix nano-composites (Al-MMNCs) that comprise an aluminum metal matrix and ceramic nanoparticles, wherein the ceramic nanoparticles have an average particle size of between 10 and 250 nm.
2. The welding wire of claim 1 , wherein the metallic sheath is a seamless metallic sheath comprising an extruded aluminum alloy tube.
3. The welding wire of claim 1 , wherein the first alloy is a eutectic alloy or near-eutectic alloy.
4. The welding wire of claim 3 , wherein the first alloy is an aluminum-beryllium eutectic alloy, an aluminum-copper eutectic alloy, an aluminum-iron eutectic alloy, an aluminum-lithium eutectic alloy, an aluminum-magnesium eutectic alloy, an aluminum-silicon eutectic alloy, or an aluminum-zinc eutectic alloy.
5. The welding wire of claim 3 , wherein the first alloy is a titanium-boron eutectic alloy, a titanium-zirconium eutectic alloy, or a zirconium-vanadium eutectic alloy.
6. The welding wire of claim 3 , wherein the granular core includes a second alloy that is a eutectic or near-eutectic alloy.
7. The welding wire of claim 1 , wherein the granular core comprises greater than 25% of the first alloy by weight.
8. The welding wire of claim 1 , wherein the welding wire comprises less than 5% non-metal components by weight.
9. The welding wire of claim 1 , wherein the metallic sheath is a 6xxx series aluminum alloy or a 1xxx series aluminum alloy.
10. The welding wire of claim 1 , wherein the metallic sheath is a 4xxx series aluminum alloy or a 5xxx series aluminum alloy.
11. The welding wire of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic nanoparticles comprise alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), boron carbide (B 4 C), carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphite (Gr), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), silicon carbide (SiCp), tungsten carbide (WC), silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), aluminum nitride (AlN), titanium carbide (TiC), or silica (SiO 2 ).
12. The welding wire of claim 11 , wherein the ceramic nanoparticles comprise alumina (Al 2 O 3 ).
13. The welding wire of claim 11 , wherein the ceramic nanoparticles comprise carbon nanotubes (CNT).
14. The welding wire of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic nanoparticles have an average particle size of between 25 and 200 nm.
15. The welding wire of claim 14 , wherein the ceramic nanoparticles have an average particle size of between 30 and 150 nm.
16. The welding wire of claim 15 , wherein the ceramic nanoparticles have an average particle size of between 40 and 100 nm.
17. The welding wire of claim 16 , wherein the ceramic nanoparticles have an average particle size of between 50 and 70 nm.
18. The welding wire of claim 17 , wherein the ceramic nanoparticles have an average particle size 60 nm.
19. The welding wire of claim 1 , wherein the grain size of the aluminum metal matrix is larger than the particle size of the ceramic nanoparticles.