Species extraction

1. A species extraction apparatus comprising:

an additively manufactured body supporting a matrix structure, wherein the matrix structure has a surface area to volume (S/V) ratio of greater than 180 m −1 and wherein the body supporting the matrix structure is additively manufactured using a predetermined energy density of from 0.5 J/mm to 5 J/mm; and

an absorptive liquid for removing at least one species from a working fluid that contacts the matrix support structure.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one species is CO 2 and the absorptive liquid is liquid water-free tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA).

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the matrix structure has a S/V ratio in a range of 2500 m −1 to 12500 m −1 .

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a solid outer shell encasing the matrix structure, the solid outer shell configured to channel and maintain flow of the working fluid inside the shell.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the matrix comprises a plurality of cellular units.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the cellular units comprise hex prism laves phase units.

7. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the cellular units comprise cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, hexagonal, rhombohedral, monoclinic, triclinic, or trigonal units.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the body is cylindrical in shape.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the body supporting a matrix structure is pre-treated before the absorptive liquid is disposed thereon.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 , where the body supporting a matrix structure comprises metal and the pre-treatment comprises calcining in air at a temperature below that of the melting point of the metal.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the additive manufacturing comprises direct metal laser sintering.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the performance index (PI) of the apparatus is greater than 150.0 m −1 .

13. A method for liquid-based extraction comprising:

i) forming an apparatus via additive manufacturing, the apparatus comprising a body supporting a matrix structure comprising cellular units, and having a surface area to volume (S/V) ratio of greater than 180 m −1 , wherein the body supporting the matrix structure is additively manufactured using a predetermined energy density of from 0.5 J/mm to 5 J/mm;

ii) loading the apparatus with an absorptive liquid to form a loaded apparatus; and

iii) contacting the loaded apparatus with a working fluid;

wherein mass transfer of at least one substance in the working fluid occurs across the interface between the working fluid and the absorptive liquid.

14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising pre-treating the apparatus prior to loading.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the pre-treating comprises calcining the apparatus in air at a temperature of at least 150° C.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the calcining is conducted for at least 30 minutes.

17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the surface area of the absorptive liquid after loading, A1, is within 5% of the surface area, S, of the apparatus.

18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the apparatus comprises metal and the additive manufacturing comprises selective laser sintering at an energy density less than 4.5 J/mm.

19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the loaded apparatus has a PI of greater than 150 m −1 .

20. The method of claim 13 , wherein the apparatus further comprises a solid outer shell encasing the matrix structure such that the solid outer shell channels and maintains flow of the working fluid inside the shell.