Systems for nuclear fusion having a fixed mounting assembly for a second reactant
Methods, apparatuses, devices, and systems for creating, controlling, conducting, and optimizing fusion activities of nuclei. The controlled fusion activities cover a spectrum of reactions from aneutronic, fusion reactions that produce essentially no neutrons, to neutronic, fusion reactions that produce substantial numbers of neutrons.
1. A system for the controlled fusion reaction of materials comprising:
a. a concentric superconducting magnet defining a cavity;
b. a concentric inner housing located within the cavity, the inner housing comprising an inner surface, the inner surface defining a controlled pressure chamber;
c. wherein the chamber is configured to be cylindrical and oriented such that an axis of symmetry of the chamber is parallel to a magnetic field created by said superconducting magnet;
d. a concentric outer electrode located within the inner housing;
e. a concentric inner electrode located at the radial center of the chamber, at least partially covered with insulation;
f. a working gas inlet line located within the inner electrode and within the magnet, said working gas inlet line introducing a first material for forming an ionized plasma located within the chamber;
g. a second material mounted on an inner surface of the outer electrode facing an exposed portion of the inner electrode;
h. a continuous wave discharge circuit that delivers a voltage between the inner electrode and the outer electrode which pre-ionizes said plasma;
i. a pulse discharge circuit that delivers a current through the plasma between the inner and outer electrodes for approximately 10 to 15 milliseconds and induces rotation of the plasma and the surrounding neutral gas in conjunction with the Lorentz force caused by the superconducting magnet;
j. wherein the rotation of the plasma and neutral gas within the chamber may reach up to about 100,000 RPS, which compresses the plasma against the second material mounted on the inner wall of the outer electrode by the centrifugal effect and is thereby configured to provide conditions for a fusion reaction of the first material and the second material during the rotation of the plasma.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first material and the second material are selected such that the fusion reaction is aneutronic.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first material and the second material are selected such that the fusion reaction is neutronic.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, tritium, helium, argon, neon, xenon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises a vaporized solid.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, helium, argon, and a vaporized solid.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of boron nitride and lanthanum hexaboride.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first and the second materials comprise materials selected from the group consisting of boron nitride, lanthanum hexaboride, hydrogen, deuterium, tritium, helium, argon, neon, xenon, nitrogen, oxygen, vaporized solids, hydrogen-1, boron-11, lithium-6, lithium-7, helium-3, lithium-6, and nitrogen-15.
9. The system of claim 1 , further including an energy utilization assembly operatively coupled to the chamber, wherein the energy utilization assembly is configured to remove energy created by fusion from a region adjacent to the chamber.
10. The system of claim 1 , further including a direct energy conversion assembly configured to extract energy from charged particles produced in the fusion reactions and convert the energy to electrical current.