Plastic frame assembly and bipolar plate with through-flow fuel feed
The present disclosure provides methods for forming flow plate and frame assemblies that comprise an anode frame member, a flow plate, and a cathode frame member with the flow plate retained between the anode and cathode frame members. The present disclosure also provides for flow plate and frame assemblies, fuel cell stacks containing a plurality of the flow plate and frame assemblies, and fuel cell systems containing the fuel cell stacks. A fluidly connected anode fluid pathway can be provided from an anode fluid inlet, through conduits in the anode frame member, onto an anode surface of the flow plate, and into anode flow channels.
1. A flow plate and frame assembly comprising:
an anode frame member ( 100 ) comprising an outer surface ( 101 ), an inner surface ( 102 ), and an anode frame opening ( 103 );
a cathode frame member ( 200 ) comprising an outer surface ( 202 ), an inner surface ( 201 ), and a cathode frame opening ( 203 );
and a flow plate ( 300 ) comprising an anode surface ( 301 ) and a cathode surface ( 302 );
wherein the cathode frame member ( 200 ) and anode frame member ( 100 ) engage with each other along their respective inner surfaces ( 102 / 201 ), and retain and surround an entire perimeter of the flow plate ( 300 ) in between the inner surfaces ( 102 / 201 ) with a portion of the anode surface ( 301 ) in contact with the anode frame member inner surface ( 102 ) and a portion of the cathode surface ( 302 ) in contact with the cathode frame member inner surface ( 201 );
wherein the anode frame member ( 100 ), cathode frame member ( 200 ), and flow plate ( 300 ) are configured to provide a fluidly connected anode fluid pathway;
the anode fluid pathway comprises one or more anode fluid inlets 160 , a portion of the outer surface ( 101 ) defined by an anode fluid flow region ( 800 ), one or more anode fluid conduits ( 161 ) pass through the anode frame member ( 100 ) and connect outer surface ( 101 ) to inner surface ( 102 ), a volume between the anode frame member ( 100 ) inner surface ( 102 ) and flow plate ( 300 ) anode surface ( 301 ), and one or more anode flow channels ( 304 ); and,
configured below a stepped down edge ( 805 ) an anode fluid inlet ( 160 ) is fluidly connected to the anode fluid flow region and fluid distributing protrusions ( 810 ).
2. The flow plate and frame assembly of claim 1 , wherein the anode surface ( 301 ) comprises a plurality of anode flow channels ( 304 ) and the cathode surface ( 302 ) comprises a plurality of cathode flow channels ( 305 ).
3. The flow plate and frame assembly of claim 1 , wherein:
the anode frame member ( 100 ) comprises one or more anode fluid inlets ( 160 ), one or more coolant fluid inlets ( 170 ), one or more cathode fluid inlets ( 150 ), one or more anode exhaust outlets ( 180 ), and one or more cathode exhaust outlets ( 190 );
the cathode frame member ( 200 ) comprises one or more anode fluid inlets ( 260 ), one or more coolant fluid inlets ( 270 ), one or more cathode fluid inlets ( 250 ), one or more anode exhaust outlets ( 280 ), and one or more cathode exhaust outlets ( 290 );
each anode fluid inlet, coolant fluid inlet, cathode fluid inlet, anode exhaust outlet, and cathode exhaust outlet in the anode frame member is aligned with a corresponding anode fluid inlet, coolant fluid inlet, cathode fluid inlet, anode exhaust outlet, and cathode exhaust outlet in the cathode frame member.
4. The flow plate and frame assembly of claim 1 , wherein:
the flow plate ( 300 ) comprises an integral coolant flowpath volume formed by a folded-over edge of the flow plate, with a portion ( 303 ) of the flow plate ( 300 ) folded over the cathode surface ( 302 ) of the flow plate ( 300 );
the flow plate further comprises an open coolant fluid delivery edge ( 309 ) configured to provide for coolant fluid flow out of the integral coolant flowpath volume and onto the cathode surface ( 302 ).
5. The flow plate and frame assembly of claim 4 , wherein:
the anode frame member ( 100 ), cathode frame member ( 200 ), and flow plate ( 300 ) are configured to provide a fluidly connected cathode fluid pathway;
the cathode fluid pathway comprises one or more cathode fluid inlets 250 , a first portion of the inner surface ( 201 ) of the cathode frame member ( 200 ), a volume between inner surface ( 201 ) and cathode surface ( 302 ) of the flow plate ( 300 ), and one or more cathode flow channels ( 305 ); and
the first portion is disposed between the cathode fluid inlets ( 250 ) and the cathode frame member opening ( 203 ).
6. The flow plate and frame assembly of claim 4 , wherein:
the anode frame member ( 100 ), cathode frame member ( 200 ), and flow plate ( 300 ) are configured to provide a fluidly connected coolant fluid pathway;
the coolant fluid pathway comprises one or more coolant fluid inlets ( 270 ), a coolant fluid flow region ( 830 ), a portion of the cathode plate ( 200 ) inner surface ( 201 ), a coolant manifold hole ( 272 ), a coolant flowpath volume entry conduit ( 312 ) formed in portion ( 303 ), the integral coolant flowpath volume, open coolant fluid delivery edge ( 309 ), and one or more cathode flow channels ( 305 ); and
the coolant fluid flow region is defined by a stepped down edge 805 .
7. The flow plate and frame assembly of claim 1 , wherein:
the anode frame member, the cathode frame member, or both comprise two distinct materials.
8. The flow plate and frame assembly of claim 7 , wherein:
the two distinct materials comprise a rigid frame element made from a hard plastic material ( 803 ) and select regions of a compressible sealing material ( 801 / 802 ).
9. The flow plate and frame assembly of claim 7 , wherein the anode frame member, cathode frame member, or both are formed via a 2K molding process.
10. The flow plate and frame assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a membrane electrode assembly.
11. A fuel cell stack assembly comprising a plurality of identical flow plate and frame assemblies of any one of the preceding claims, with each identical flow plate and frame assembly aligned with the outer surfaces 101 / 202 of adjacent flow plate and frame assemblies engaging together.
12. The fuel cell stack assembly of claim 11 , wherein:
one or more anode fluid entry conduits ( 165 ) are formed from arrays of adjacent anode fluid inlets ( 160 / 260 ) that form a column normal to the surfaces ( 101 / 102 / 201 / 202 ) of the frame members;
one or more cathode fluid entry conduits ( 255 ) are formed from arrays of adjacent cathode fluid inlets ( 150 / 250 ) that form a column normal to the surfaces ( 101 / 102 / 201 / 202 ) of the frame members;
one or more coolant fluid entry conduits ( 275 ) are formed from arrays of adjacent coolant fluid inlets ( 170 / 270 ) that form a column normal to the surfaces ( 101 / 102 / 201 / 202 ) of the frame members;
one or more anode fluid exit conduits ( 166 ) are formed from arrays of adjacent anode exhaust outlets ( 180 / 280 ) that form a column normal to the surfaces ( 101 / 102 / 201 / 202 ) of the frame members; and
one or more cathode fluid exit conduits ( 256 ) are formed from arrays of adjacent cathode exhaust outlets 190 / 290 that form a column normal to the surfaces ( 101 / 102 / 201 / 202 ) of the frame members.
13. A fuel cell system comprising the fuel cell stack assembly of claim 11 .