Additive manufacturing process using several thermoplastic polyurethanes
The invention relates to a method for producing an object, comprising the step of producing the object from a construction material by means of an additive manufacturing process, wherein the construction material comprises a plurality of thermoplastic polyurethane materials. The materials differ by at least one mechanical property such as the shore hardness or the elongation at break. The invention also relates to an object obtained according to said method.
1. A process for producing an article in an additive manufacturing method with layers of different materials, comprising:
I) providing a first construction material heated at least partly to a temperature above its glass transition temperature to a carrier by applying a filament of the first construction material heated at least partly to a temperature above its glass transition temperature, such that a first layer of construction material is obtained, corresponding to a first selected cross section of the article;
II) providing the first construction material or an additional construction material heated at least partly to a temperature above its glass transition temperature onto the first layer of construction material or another previously applied layer of construction material by applying a filament of the first construction material or the additional construction material heated at least partly to a temperature above its glass transition temperature, such that an additional layer of construction material is obtained, corresponding to an additional selected cross section of the article and bonded to the first layer or another previously applied layer;
III) repeating step II) until the article is formed;
wherein the first construction material comprises a first thermoplastic polyurethane polymer and the additional construction material comprises another thermoplastic polyurethane polymer different from the first thermoplastic polyurethane polymer, wherein the first construction material and the additional construction material differ from one another by their Shore hardness based on DIN ISO 7619-1 and wherein the difference in Shore hardness between the first construction material and the additional construction material is ≥5A to ≤55A, ≥5D to ≤40D, or both, and
wherein step II) is conducted at least once with the additional construction material and wherein the additional construction material is not applied solely to an optional support structure configured to support the article.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first construction material and the additional construction material differ from one another by their elongation at break based on DIN 53504, 200 mm/min.
3. The process as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the difference in elongation at break between the first construction material and the additional construction material is 50 percentage points to 700 percentage points.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the filament of the first construction material is at least partially molten, the filament of the additional construction material is at least partially molten, or both.
5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the construction materials used is a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the construction materials used comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer obtainable from the reaction of a polyisocyanate component and a polyol component, wherein the polyol component comprises a polyester polyol having a no-flow point based on ASTM D5985 of 25° C. to 100° C.
7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the construction materials used comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane polymer that has been obtained from the reaction of a diphenylmethane diisocyanate, an NCO-terminated reaction product thereof with a polyol-containing NCO component, or both and a butane-1,4-diol-containing polyol component.
8. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the construction materials used comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane polymer that has been obtained from the reaction of a hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate-containing NCO component, an NCO-terminated reaction product thereof with a polyol, or both and a butane-1,4-diol-containing polyol component, a hexane-1,6-diol-containing polyol component, or both.
9. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the process is conducted in a chamber at a temperature of ≤50° C.
10. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the construction materials used is discharged through a nozzle having a temperature of ≤250° C.
11. An article obtained by a process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the article comprises a layer of the first construction material and a layer of the additional construction material, wherein the first construction material comprises the first thermoplastic polyurethane polymer, the additional construction material contains the another thermoplastic polyurethane polymer different than the first thermoplastic polyurethane polymer, and where the article has interlayer adhesion based on a 180° peel test in a construction direction of the additive manufacturing method used in the production thereof that amounts to ≥60% of the interlayer adhesion of a homogeneous test specimen made of that construction material which has the lower interlayer adhesion.
12. The article as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the first construction material and the additional construction material are bonded to one another at least partly by covalent chemical bonds.
13. The article as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the article has a gradient spatial change in the construction direction in at least one mechanical property that proceeds between a first end of the article and an opposite end of the article.