Nanoparticles for use in enhancing brain performances or in treating stress
The present invention relates to the medical field, in particular to the enhancement of brain performances and for the treatment of pathological stress. More specifically the present invention relates to a nanoparticle or nanoparticles' aggregate for use in enhancing brain performances or in prevention or treatment of pathological stress in a subject without exposure of the nanoparticle or nanoparticles' aggregate to an electric field, and preferably without exposure thereof to any other external activation source, wherein the nanoparticle's or nanoparticles' aggregate's material is selected from a conductor material, a semiconductor material, an insulator material with a dielectric constant ε ijk equal to or above (200), and an insulator material with a dielectric constant ε ijk equal to or below (100). It further relates to compositions and kits comprising such nanoparticles and/or nanoparticles' aggregates as well as to uses thereof without exposure thereof to an electric field, and preferably without exposure thereof to any other external activation source such as a light source, a magnetic field, or an ultrasound source.
1. A method for enhancing brain performance or for preventing or treating pathological stress in a subject, wherein the method comprises a step of administering a nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate, or a composition comprising nanoparticles and/or nanoparticle aggregates and a pharmaceutically acceptable support, to a subject, the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate material being selected from a conductor material selected from a metal having a standard reduction potential E° above 0.2 and an organic material having contiguous sp2 hybridized carbon centers in its structure, a semiconductor material with a band gap Eg below 3.0 eV selected from an element from group IVA of the Mendeleev's periodic table and a mixed composition of elements from groups III and V of the Mendeleev's periodic table, a mixed-metal oxide insulator material with a dielectric constant ε ijk equal to or above 200, and an insulator material with a dielectric constant ε ijk equal to or below 100 selected from Al 2 O 3 , LaAlO 3 , La 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , SnO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , ReO 2 , ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , Y 2 O 3 and carbon diamond, the relative dielectric constant ε ijk beinig measured between 20° C. and 30° C. and between 10 2 Hz up to the infrared frequency, wherein i) the median largest size of the core of the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate of the population is of at least 30 nm when the material is a conductor material, a semiconductor material or an insulator material with a dielectric constant ε ijk equal to or above 200, wherein ii) the core of the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate is coated with a biocompatible coating providing a neutral or a negative surface charge when measured in a solution of water having a concentration of electrolytes between 0.001 and 0.2 M, a concentration of the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate material between 0.01 and 10 g/L and a pH between 6 and 8, wherein iii) the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate is not used as carrier of therapeutic compound(s) or drug(s), and wherein iv) the method does not include any step of exposing the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate to an electric field nor to any other external activation source.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate material is selected from a metallic nanoparticle wherein the metallic element is Ir, Pd, Pt, Au, or any mixture thereof, and an organic nanoparticle consisting of polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polythiophene, polycarbazole and/or polypyrene.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the material consists of an element from group IVA of the Mendeleev's periodic table, and said element is silicon (Si) or Germanium (Ge).
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate material is an element from group IVA of the Mendeleev's periodic table and is doped with a charge carrier selected from Al, B, Ga, In and P.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the material is an insulator material with a band gap Eg equal to or above 3.0 eV.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the insulator material with a relative dielectric constant ε ijk equal to or above 200 is a dielectric material which is a mixed-metal oxide selected from BaTiO 3 , KTaNbO 3 , KTaO 3 , SrTiO 3 and BaSrTiO 3 .
7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the material is an insulator material with a relative dielectric constant ε ijk equal to or below 100 is a metal oxide selected from ReO 2 , ZrO 2 and HfO 2 .
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method is for enhancing physical performance, or enhancing learning, memorizing, sense perception, attention and/or decision making of a subject.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least two distinct nanoparticles or nanoparticle aggregates.
10. A composition or kit comprising at least two distinct nanoparticles or nanoparticle aggregates, the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate material being selected from a conductor material selected from a metal having a standard reduction potential E° above 0.2 and an organic material having contiguous sp2 hybridized carbon centers in its structure, a semiconductor material with a band gap Eg below 3.0 eV selected from an element from group IVA of the Mendeleev's periodic table and a mixed composition of elements from groups III and V of the Mendeleev's periodic table, a mixed-metal oxide insulator material with a dielectric constant ε ijk , equal to or above 200, and an insulator material with a dielectric constant ε ijk , equal to or below 100 selected from Al 2 O 3 , LaAlO 3 , La 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , SnO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , ReO 2 , ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , Y 2 O 3 and carbon diamond, the relative dielectric constant ε ijk being measured between 20° C. and 30° C. and between 10 2 Hz up to the infrared frequency, wherein i) the median largest size of the core of the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate of the population is of at least 30 nm when the material is a conductor material, a semiconductor material or an insulator material with a dielectric constant C ijk equal to or above 200 wherein ii) the core of the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate is coated with a biocompatible coating providing a neutral or a negative surface charge when measured in a solution of water having a concentration of electrolytes between 0.001 and 0.2 M, a concentration of the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate material between 0.01 and 10 g/L and a pH between 6 and 8, and wherein iii) the nanoparticles or nanoparticle aggregates are not used as carrier of therapeutic compound(s) or drug(s).