Sensor and method for detecting combustible gas
Sensors and methods for detecting combustible gases in a gas mixture are disclosed based on combustion catalyst compositions comprising an amount of a precious metal supported on an ion-exchangeable alkali metal titanate substrate. The sensors and methods are particularly useful for measuring the concentration of combustible gases in low temperature and high humidity conditions. Advantageously, certain embodiments can selectively measure the concentration of select species (e.g. ethylene).
1. A combustible gas sensor for detecting a combustible gas in a gas mixture comprising:
a sensing component comprising:
a combustion catalyst composition comprising an amount of a precious metal supported on an ion-exchangeable alkali metal titanate substrate, and wherein the combustion catalyst composition is exposed to the gas mixture;
an internal circuit element in intimate contact with the combustion catalyst composition; and
external electrical connectors electrically connected to the internal circuit element; and
an electrical circuit connected to the external electrical connectors for measuring a property of the sensing component.
2. The combustible gas sensor of claim 1 wherein the alkali metal titanate is sodium titanate.
3. The combustible gas sensor of claim 1 wherein the precious metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, gold and silver.
4. The combustible gas sensor of claim 1 comprising an amount of an additional precious metal supported on the ion-exchangeable alkali metal titanate substrate.
5. The combustible gas sensor of claim 1 comprising an amount of an additional transition metal on the ion-exchangeable alkali metal titanate substrate.
6. The combustible gas sensor of claim 5 wherein the additional transition metal is zinc, tin, or cobalt.
7. The combustible gas sensor of claim 3 wherein the combustion catalyst composition comprises Pt, Pt-Zn, Pt-Sn, Au, Pt-Pd-Sn, Pd, Pd-Zn, Pd-Sn, or Pd-Zn-Sn.
8. The combustible gas sensor of claim 1 wherein the internal circuit element is a resistance wire, a thermistor, a pair of terminals, a field effect transistor, an electromechanical oscillator, or a pyroelectric crystal.
9. The combustible gas sensor of claim 1 wherein the measured property is a property of the combustion catalyst composition or the internal circuit element.
10. The combustible gas sensor of claim 1 wherein the measured property is the resistance across the sensing component, the capacitance of the sensing component, the conductance of the sensing component, the harmonic frequency of the sensing component, the voltage across the sensing component, or the current flow through the sensing component.
11. A method for detecting a combustible gas in a gas mixture comprising oxygen, the method comprising:
obtaining the combustible gas sensor of claim 1 ;
exposing the combustion catalyst composition in the sensing component to the gas mixture; and
measuring the property of the sensing component.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the combustible gas is ethylene, formaldehyde, or carbon monoxide.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the gas mixture comprises water vapour and the method comprises exposing the combustion catalyst composition in the sensing component to the gas mixture at a temperature below 200° C. and at a relative humidity above 0.5%.
14. The method of claim 11 comprising determining the concentration of the combustible gas from the measured property of the sensing component.
15. A method for selectively measuring the concentration of ethylene in a gas mixture comprising ethylene and oxygen, the method comprising:
obtaining the combustible gas sensor of claim 1 ;
exposing the combustion catalyst composition in the sensing component to the gas mixture; and
measuring the property of the sensing component.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the gas mixture comprises water vapour and the method comprises exposing the combustion catalyst composition in the sensing component to the gas mixture at a temperature below 200° C. and at a relative humidity above 0.5%.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein the gas mixture comprises methane and ethane.