Methods of metering delivery of caustic soda for treatment of water
Described is a method for treating water with sodium hydroxide. The method can increase the accuracy of the volume of a stock sodium hydroxide solution that is delivered to the water being treated. The method can include pumping a concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide stock solution with a diaphragm pumping system that has a two-part diaphragm assembly with a polymeric diaphragm overmolded onto a rigid insert. The polymeric diaphragm can be made of a fully-vulcanized ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber that is injection molded over the rigid insert.
1. A method for treating drinking water, comprising:
providing a stock solution comprising water and sodium hydroxide, wherein the sodium hydroxide in the stock solution has a concentration of between 10% and 70%;
bringing the stock solution into contact with a fully-vulcanized ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, wherein the EPDM rubber has a density of 0.96 grams per cubic centimeter, a Shore Hardness (Shore A, 23° C.) of 93, a tensile stress at 100% (across flow, 23° C.) of 7.10 MPa, a tensile strength at break (across flow, 23° C.) of 17.6 MPa, an elongation at break (across flow, 23° C.) of 580%, a tear strength (across flow, 23° C., Die C) of 54 kN per meter, a compression set (70° C., 22 hour, Type 1) of 36%, and a brittleness temperature of −54° C. to create a modified solution; and
pumping the modified solution into a volume of the drinking water to treat the drinking water.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sodium hydroxide in the stock solution has the concentration of between 30% and 70%.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sodium hydroxide in the stock solution has the concentration of between 40% and 60%.
4. A method for treating drinking water, comprising:
providing a stock solution comprising water and sodium hydroxide, wherein the sodium hydroxide in the stock solution has a concentration of between 10% and 70%;
bringing the stock solution into contact with a polymeric diaphragm, wherein the polymeric diaphragm comprises a fully-vulcanized ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber overmolded onto a rigid insert to create a modified solution; and
pumping the modified solution to deliver a volume of the modified solution into a volume of the drinking water to treat the drinking water.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the fully-vulcanized EPDM rubber overmolded onto the rigid insert has a density of 0.96 grams per cubic centimeter, a Shore Hardness (Shore A, 23° C.) of 93, a tensile stress at 100% (across flow, 23° C.) of 7.10 MPa, a tensile strength at break (across flow, 23° C.) of 17.6 MPa, an elongation at break (across flow, 23° C.) of 580%, a tear strength (across flow, 23° C., Die C) of 54 kN per meter, a compression set (70° C., 22 hour, Type 1) of 36%, and a brittleness temperature of −54° C. and the stock solution is brought into contact with the polymeric diaphragm to create the modified solution.
6. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:
calibrating a pumping system that comprises the polymeric diaphragm, wherein the calibrating comprises: (i) pumping with the polymeric diaphragm a calibration solution at a plurality of operating conditions of the pumping system, and (ii) measuring a volumetric outflow of the pumping system for each of the plurality of operating conditions.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the calibration solution has a viscosity that matches a viscosity of the stock solution.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the calibration solution comprises the stock solution comprising the water and the sodium hydroxide.
9. The method of claim 4 , wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is between 30% and 70%.
10. The method of claim 4 , wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is between 40% and 60%.