Cold spray metallic coating and methods
The present disclosure relates to a cold spray metal process for imparting electromagnetic interference (EMI) resistance or lightning protection to the surface of a polymer, and a polymer with surface EMI resistance, or lightning protection, articles coated therefrom, and methods of reducing or eliminating electrochemical interactions between the metallic coating and components of the polymer.
1. A method of reducing or eliminating at least one electrochemical interaction between a metallic coating and a polymer, the method comprising:
introducing particles of a metal powder or metal alloy powder or a mixture of the metal powder and the metal alloy powder to a gas stream;
directing the gas stream toward an electrochemical insulating layer present on a surface of a polymer, wherein the gas stream has a temperature and a pressure adjusted to prevent thermal softening or ablation of the surface of the electrochemical insulating layer;
forming a metallic coating on at least a portion of the electrochemical insulating layer; and
reducing or eliminating electrochemical interaction between the metallic coating and the polymer; and
wherein at least a portion of the electrochemical insulating layer comprises a non-conductive polymer, a cemented carbide alloy, or a combination thereof, and a metal-metal oxide composite.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the gas stream is between 100.degree. C. and 500.degree. C.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure of the gas stream is between 100 psi and 400 psi.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is a crystalline polymer.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is a semi-crystalline polymer.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is an amorphous polymer.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical insulating layer is non-conductive.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising introducing an additional metallic layer on at least a portion of the metallic coating, the additional metallic layer being compositionally different from the metallic coating.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the additional metallic layer is cold sprayed.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein additional metallic layer is selected from Ag, Au, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mo, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Sn, Ti, W, Zn, Zr, or alloys thereof.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the additional metallic layer comprises cold or thermal sprayed nickel.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the metal powder consists essentially of aluminum powder, the temperature of the gas stream is between 100.degree. C. and 500.degree. C., the gas stream comprises air at a pressure between about 100 psi and about 400 psi, and the polymer comprises carbon fiber or glass fiber reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) or carbon fiber or glass fiber reinforced poly-ether-ketone-ketone (PEKK), and the additional metallic layer comprises nickel.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream comprises one or more of air, nitrogen or a mixture thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical insulating layer is paint.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal powder consists essentially of aluminum powder or aluminum alloy powder, the temperature of the gas stream is between 100.degree. C. and 500.degree. C., the gas stream comprises air at a pressure between about 100 psi and about 400 psi, and the polymer is a carbon fiber or glass fiber reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) or carbon fiber or glass fiber reinforced poly-ether-ketone-ketone (PEKK).
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the polymer comprises carbon or glass reinforced PEKK or PEEK.
17. A method of imparting electrical EMI resistance or lightning protection to a conductive formed article comprising:
cold spraying an aluminum layer onto at least a portion of a surface of a formed article comprising carbon fiber or glass fiber reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) or carbon fiber or glass fiber reinforced poly-ether-ketone-ketone (PEKK); and
imparting electrical EMI resistance or lightning protection, electromagnetic interference shielding, electromagnetic emission shielding, or lightning strike protection to the formed article;
wherein the surface of the formed article comprises an electrochemical insulating layer comprising a non-conductive polymer, a cemented carbide alloy, or a combination thereof, and a metal-metal oxide composite; and
wherein cold spraying comprises directing a gas stream toward an electrochemical insulating layer present on a surface of a polymer, wherein the gas stream has a temperature and a pressure adjusted to prevent thermal softening or ablation of the surface of the electrochemical insulating layer.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising cold or thermal spray coating onto the aluminum layer at least one additional metallic layer different from aluminum.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the at least one additional metallic layer is selected from Ag, Au, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mo, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Sn, Ti, W, Zn, Zr, or alloys thereof.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein at least a portion of the formed article comprises one or more fillers or reinforcement materials of carbon nanotubes, graphite, carbon fibers, graphite fibers, fiberglass, glass fibers, metals, metal alloys, metalized fibers, and metal coated glass fibers.
21. The method of claim 17 , wherein the cold spraying comprises a temperature of a gas stream between 100.degree. C. and 500.degree. C. and a pressure of the gas stream between 100 psi and 400 psi.