Nanoparticles for use for treating a neuronal disorder

1. A method for preventing or treating a neurological disease selected from Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, obsessive compulsive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, depression disorder, dystonia, Tourette's syndrome, schizophrenia, stroke, aphasia, dementia, tinnitus, Huntington's disease, essential tremor, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, addiction disorder, and consciousness vegetative state, or at least one symptom thereof in a subject, wherein the method comprises a step of administering nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate, or a composition comprising nanoparticles and/or nanoparticle aggregates and a pharmaceutically acceptable support, to a subject, the material of the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate being selected from the group consisting of a conductor material that is a metal having a standard reduction potential E° above 0.2 selected from Tl, Po, Ag, Pd, Ir, Pt, Au, and a mixture thereof, or an organic material having contiguous sp2 hybridized carbon centers in its structure, a semiconductor material with a band gap Eg below 3.0 eV selected from a mixed composition of elements from groups III and V of the Mendeleev's periodic table, a mixed composition of elements from groups II and VI of the Mendeleev's periodic table, and an element from group IV-A of the Mendeleev's periodic table, and an insulator material with a dielectric constant ε ijk equal to or above 200, or an insulator material with a dielectric constant ε ijk equal to or below 100 selected from Al 2 O 3 , LaAlO 3 , La 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , SnO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , ReO 2 , ZrO 2 , HfO 2 and carbon diamond, the relative dielectric constant ε ijk being measured between 20° C. and 30° C. and between 10 2 Hz up to the infrared frequency, wherein i) the median largest size of the core of the nanoparticle or nanoparticles' aggregate of the population is of at least 30 nm when the material is a conductor material, a semiconductor material or an insulator material with a dielectric constant ε ijk equal to or above 200, and wherein ii) the core of the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate is coated with a biocompatible coating providing a neutral or a negative surface charge when measured in a solution of water having a concentration of electrolytes between 0.001 and 0.2 M, the concentration of the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate material is between 0.01 and 10 g/L and a pH between 6 and 8, wherein iii) the method does not include any step of exposing the nanoparticles or nanoparticle aggregates to an electric field nor to any other external activation source, wherein iv) the nanoparticles or nanoparticle aggregates remain in the subject, and wherein v), the nanoparticles or aggregates of nanoparticles is not used as carriers of therapeutic compound(s) or drug(s).

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the conductor material is selected from Ir, Pd, Pt, Au, and any mixture thereof, and an organic material having contiguous sp2 hybridized carbon centers in its structure, said organic material being selected from polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polythiophene, polycarbazole, polypyrene and any mixture thereof.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle's or nanoparticles aggregate's material is an element from group IV-A of the Mendeleev's periodic table and is doped with a charge carrier selected from Al, B, Ga, In and P.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the insulator material with a band gap Eg equal to or above 3.0 eV and the relative dielectric constant ε ijk is-equal to or above 200 is a dielectric material which is a mixed-metal oxide selected from BaTiO 3 , KTaNbO 3 , KTaO 3 , SrTiO 3 and BaSrTiO 3 .

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the insulator material with a band gap Eg equal to or above 3.0 eV and a relative dielectric constant ε ijk equal to or below 100 is selected from ReO 2 , ZrO 2 and HfO 2 .

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the neurological disease is Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease.

7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least two distinct nanoparticles and/or nanoparticle aggregates.

8. A composition or kit comprising at least two distinct nanoparticles and/or nanoparticle aggregates, the nanoparticles' or nanoparticles aggregates' material being selected from the group consisting of a conductor material that is a metal having a standard reduction potential E° above 0.2 selected from Tl, Po, Ag, Pd, Ir, Pt, Au, and a mixture thereof, or an organic material having contiguous sp2 hybridized carbon centers in its structure, a semiconductor material with a band gap Eg below 3.0 eV selected from a mixed composition of elements from groups III and V of the Mendeleev's periodic table, a mixed composition of elements from groups II and VI of the Mendeleev's periodic table, and an element from group IV-A of the Mendeleev's periodic table, and an insulator material with a dielectric constant ε ijk equal to or above 200, and an insulator material with a dielectric constant ε ijk equal to or below 100 selected from Al 2 O 3 , LaAlO 3 , La 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , SnO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , ReO 2 , ZrO 2 , HfO 2 and carbon diamond, the relative dielectric constant ε ijk being measured between 20° C. and 30° C. and between 10 2 Hz up to the infrared frequency, wherein i) the median largest size of the core of the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate of the population is of at least 30 nm when the material is a conductor material, a semiconductor material or an insulator material with a dielectric constant ε ijk equal to or above 200, and wherein ii) the core of the nanoparticle or nanoparticles aggregate is coated with a biocompatible coating providing a neutral or a negative surface charge when measured in a solution of water having a concentration of electrolytes between 0.001 and 0.2 M, the concentration of the nanoparticle or nanoparticle aggregate material is between 0.01 and 10 g/L and a pH between 6 and 8.

9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the element from group IV-A of the Mendeleev's periodic table is silicon (Si) or Germanium (Ge).