Extruded plastic aggregate for concrete
The invention generally relates to a method of making a plastic aggregate, and its use to make concrete products. The aggregate is formed by providing a granulated waste plastic material, introducing the granulated waste plastic material into an extruder having a die, the die having a ratio of die nozzle open area to die land area of about 1:10 to about 1:40, and extruding the granulated waste plastic material through the extruder to generate an extruded plastic aggregate. The method can include the presence of controlled cooling, the addition of additives and treatment of the surface of the aggregate to produce a desired aggregate that can be used to make a concrete product with desired properties, such as compressive strength and weight.
1. A method of manufacturing an extruded plastic aggregate for use in a concrete product that, in use, enables production of a concrete product having a desired compressive strength, the method comprising
providing a granulated waste plastic material,
introducing the granulated waste plastic material into an extruder having a die, the die having a ratio of die nozzle open area to die land area of about 1:10 to about 1:40,
extruding the granulated waste plastic material through the extruder to generate an extruded plastic aggregate,
treating the extruded plastic aggregate by coating the plastic aggregate with a controlled cooling aid, in the form of powder, to control cooling of the extruded plastic aggregate;
to provide the extruded plastic aggregate for use in the concrete product, the extruded plastic aggregate having a size of 2 to 30 mm and a surface texture that is macroscopically roughened and a surface area adapted to promote both mechanical and/or molecular bonding.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein one or more additives are added to the granulated waste plastics during melt.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the one or more additives comprises sand, pozzolanic materials, calcium carbonate, micro silica or glass.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the pozzolanic material is fly ash.
5. The method of claim 2 wherein the additive is calcium carbonate.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the powder is applied to the extruded plastic aggregate immediately after or during egress from the die.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the controlled cooling aid comprises sand, pozzolanic materials, calcium carbonate, micro silica or glass.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein a cooling powder is a pozzolanic material.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the pozzolanic material is fly ash.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the method further comprises the step of leaving a layer of the pozzolanic material fused into the surface of the extruded plastic aggregate after cooling.
11. The method of claim 6 wherein the extruded plastic aggregate is cooled for about 1 minute to 10 minutes to yield an aggregate.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the aggregate has a density of about 200 kg/m 3 to about 250 kg/m 3 .
13. The method of claim 6 wherein the extruded plastic aggregate is cooled for 10 minutes to about 70 minutes to yield an aggregate.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the aggregate has a density of about 250 kg/m 3 to about 400 kg/m 3 .
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the controlled cooling of the aggregate leads to the absence, or substantial absence, of void spaces in the aggregate.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of further cooling the extruded plastic aggregate using both air and a controlled cooling aid, to promote uniform gas cell structure of the extrudate to achieve a specific gravity of about 0.80 to 1.15.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the extruder is a food extruder.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein, relative to a 20 mm aggregate, the extruded plastic aggregate comprises a surface area to volume ratio of about 1 to 1.9.