Method of managing an output power delivered by an antenna of a NFC apparatus and NFC apparatus

1. A method of managing an output power delivered by an antenna of a near field communication (NFC) apparatus, the antenna being coupled to a NFC controller by a matching circuit, the method comprising:

providing the matching circuit with a first tuning capacitive network coupled in series between the NFC controller and the antenna and with a second tuning capacitive network coupled to the NFC controller and the antenna and to a reference terminal, wherein the first or second tuning capacitive network has a variable capacitive value;

determining tuning capacitive values of the first tuning capacitive network to adjust a delivered output power at a desired level; and

setting the tuning capacitive values of the first tuning capacitive network to the tuning capacitive values, wherein determining the tuning capacitive values of the first tuning capacitive network comprises executing a search algorithm using measurements of respective sets of parameters of a plurality of capacitive values of the first tuning capacitive network, the search algorithm selecting the tuning capacitive values of the first tuning capacitive network based on the respective sets of measured parameters and a set of corresponding target parameters, and wherein selecting the tuning capacitive values of the first tuning capacitive network comprises determining a minimum of a weighting function of the respective sets of measured parameters and the sets of corresponding target parameters.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the tuning capacitive values comprises determining the tuning capacitive values at least partially by software.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first tuning capacitive network is a tuning capacitive network having a set of selectable capacitive values.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second tuning capacitive network has a variable capacitive value, the method further comprising determining tuning capacitive values of the second tuning capacitive network to adjust the delivered output power at a desired level.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the first tuning capacitive network has a first set of selectable capacitive values and the second tuning capacitive network has a second set of selectable capacitive values.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein each set of parameters of the sets of parameters comprises a respective voltage at the antenna, a respective current delivered in the matching circuit by the NFC controller, and a respective phase between the respective current delivered by the NFC controller and a respective current received by the NFC controller.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second tuning capacitive network has a variable capacitive value, wherein the first tuning capacitive network has a first set of selectable capacitive values and the second tuning capacitive network has a second set of selectable capacitive values, the method further comprising determining tuning capacitive values of the second tuning capacitive network to adjust the delivered output power at a desired level, wherein selecting the tuning capacitive values comprises:

calculating, for each pair of selectable values respectively belonging to the first and second tuning capacitive networks and designated by the search algorithm, a value of the weighting function; and

selecting as the tuning capacitive values, the pair of selectable values corresponding to a minimum value of the weighting function.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the NFC apparatus is a NFC reader.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weighting function is linear.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weighting function is non-linear.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weighting function comprises weights of voltage and current that are dependent on a phase between a current delivered by the NFC controller and a current received by the NFC controller.

12. A method of managing an output power delivered by an antenna of a near field communication (NFC) apparatus, the antenna being coupled to a NFC controller by a matching circuit, the method comprising:

providing the matching circuit with a first tuning capacitive network coupled in series between the NFC controller and the antenna and with a second tuning capacitive network coupled to the NFC controller and the antenna and to a reference terminal, wherein the first or second tuning capacitive network has a variable capacitive value;

determining tuning capacitive values of the first tuning capacitive network to adjust a delivered output power at a desired level;

setting the tuning capacitive values of the first tuning capacitive network to the tuning capacitive values, wherein determining the tuning capacitive values of the first tuning capacitive network comprises executing a search algorithm using measurements of respective sets of parameters of a plurality of capacitive values of the first tuning capacitive network, the search algorithm selecting the tuning capacitive values of the first tuning capacitive network based on the respective sets of measured parameters and a set of corresponding target parameters; and

selecting the search algorithm among a set of reference search algorithms.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the set of reference search algorithms comprises a binary search and a sequential search.

14. A near field communication (NFC) apparatus comprising:

a NFC controller;

an antenna coupled to the NFC controller through a matching circuit;

the matching circuit comprising a first tuning capacitive network coupled in series between the NFC controller and the antenna, and a second tuning capacitive network coupled to the NFC controller and the antenna and to a reference terminal;

a control circuit configured to determine tuning capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks to adjust a delivered output power at a desired level; and

a setting circuit configured to set the capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks to the tuning capacitive values;

wherein the control circuit comprises:

a measurement circuit configured to measure for a plurality of capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks, respective sets of parameters, and

a software module configured to execute a search algorithm using the respective sets of measured parameters and select the tuning capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks based on the respective sets of measured parameters and a set of corresponding target parameters;

wherein the setting circuit comprises registers, wherein the control circuit is configured to store in the registers indications corresponding to the tuning capacitive values; and

wherein the setting circuit is configured to adjust the capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks in accordance with a content of the registers.

15. The NFC apparatus of claim 14 , wherein one tuning capacitive network of the first and second tuning capacitive networks is a tuning capacitive network having a set of selectable capacitive values.

16. The NFC apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the first and second tuning capacitive networks each have a variable capacitive value.

17. The NFC apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the first tuning capacitive network has a first set of selectable capacitive values and the second tuning capacitive network has a second set of selectable capacitive values.

18. The NFC apparatus of claim 14 , wherein each set of parameters of the respective sets of parameters comprises:

a respective voltage at the antenna;

a respective current delivered in the matching circuit by the NFC controller; and

a respective phase between the respective current delivered by the NFC controller and a respective current received by the NFC controller.

19. The NFC apparatus of claim 14 , further comprising a microcontroller coupled to the NFC controller, the microcontroller incorporating the software module and the NFC controller incorporating the setting circuit.

20. The NFC apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the NFC apparatus is a NFC reader.

21. A near field communication (NFC) apparatus comprising:

a NFC controller;

an antenna coupled to the NFC controller through a matching circuit;

the matching circuit comprising a first tuning capacitive network coupled in series between the NFC controller and the antenna, and a second tuning capacitive network coupled to the NFC controller and the antenna and to a reference terminal;

a control circuit configured to determine tuning capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks to adjust a delivered output power at a desired level; and

a setting circuit configured to set the capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks to the tuning capacitive values, wherein the control circuit comprises:

a measurement circuit configured to measure for a plurality of capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks, respective sets of parameters, and

a software module configured to execute a search algorithm using the respective sets of measured parameters and select the tuning capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks based on the respective sets of measured parameters and a set of corresponding target parameters, wherein the software module is configured to determine a minimum of a weighting function of the respective sets of measured parameters and the set of corresponding target parameters.

22. The NFC apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the first and second tuning capacitive networks each have a variable capacitive value, and wherein the software module is configured to calculate for each pair of selectable values respectively belonging to the first and second tuning capacitive networks and designated by the search algorithm, a value of the weighting function and to select as the tuning capacitive values the pair of selectable values corresponding to a minimum value of the weighting function.

23. A near field communication (NFC) apparatus comprising:

a NFC controller;

an antenna coupled to the NFC controller through a matching circuit;

the matching circuit comprising a first tuning capacitive network coupled in series between the NFC controller and the antenna, and a second tuning capacitive network coupled to the NFC controller and the antenna and to a reference terminal;

a control circuit configured to determine tuning capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks to adjust a delivered output power at a desired level; and

a setting circuit configured to set the capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks to the tuning capacitive values, wherein the control circuit comprises:

a measurement circuit configured to measure for a plurality of capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks, respective sets of parameters, and

a software module configured to execute a search algorithm using the respective sets of measured parameters and select the tuning capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks based on the respective sets of measured parameters and a set of corresponding target parameters; and

a memory configured to store a set of reference search algorithms, and a management module configured to select the search algorithm among the set of reference search algorithms.

24. A circuit comprising:

a near field communication (NFC) controller;

an antenna terminals coupled to the NFC controller through a differential matching circuit and configured to be coupled to an antenna;

the differential matching circuit comprising a first tuning capacitive network coupled in series between the NFC controller and the antenna terminals, and a second tuning capacitive network coupled to the NFC controller and the antenna terminals and to a reference terminal;

a control circuit configured to determine tuning capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks to adjust a delivered output power at a desired level;

a setting circuit configured to set capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks to the tuning capacitive values;

a measurement circuit configured to measure for a plurality of capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks, respective sets of parameters; and

a software module configured to execute a search algorithm using the respective sets of measured parameters and select the tuning capacitive values of the first and second tuning capacitive networks based on the respective sets of measured parameters and a set of corresponding target parameters, wherein each set of parameters of the respective sets of parameters comprises:

a respective voltage at the antenna;

a respective current delivered in the matching circuit by the NFC controller; and

a respective phase between the respective current delivered by the NFC controller and a respective current received by the NFC controller.