Integrated faraday rotator
The invention relates to optical waveguide components, such as Faraday rotators and their manufacture Faraday rotators based on silicon waveguides are provided, where the waveguide has folded or wound sections that are parallel to an externally applied magnetic field.
1. An optical waveguide component for providing Faraday rotation to a plane of polarization of linearly polarized light propagating in said waveguide component, wherein said waveguide is made of silicon and having folded or wound sections that are parallel to an externally applied magnetic field wherein birefringent bent sections of said waveguide comprise bends based on total internal reflection mirrors, in order to achieve minimum footprint.
2. The optical waveguide component according to claim 1 , wherein the waveguide is being wound as a spiral on a plane of said component.
3. The optical waveguide component according to claim 1 , wherein the waveguide is being wound in a meandering form on a plane of said component, whereby adjacent linear sections being parallel to each other are combined with bent sections of said waveguide, said bent sections providing a phase-shift between parallel sections with counter-propagating light, which compensates for the cancellation of Faraday rotation between counter-propagating waveguides.
4. The optical waveguide component according to claim 2 , wherein the waveguide is being wound as a double spiral having counter-propagating counter clock-wise and clock-wise branches, whereby opposite linear waveguide sections of the same turn are combined with bent sections of said waveguide, each said bent sections providing a phase-shift that compensates for the cancellation of Faraday rotation between counter-propagating waves in adjacent parallel linear sections of the waveguide.
5. The optical waveguide component according to claim 2 , wherein the waveguide is being wound as a single spiral having one counter clock-wise or clock-wise branch.
6. The optical waveguide component according to claim 1 , wherein the waveguide comprise alternate linear sections and bent sections, wherein the linear sections consists of non-birefringent waveguide material and the bent sections of birefringent waveguide material providing a 180° phase-shift between said counter-propagating sections.
7. The optical waveguide component according to claim 1 , wherein the linearly polarized light consists of the fundamental transverse electric modes and transverse magnetic modes.
8. The optical waveguide component according to claim 1 , wherein the birefringence of an optical waveguide section is controlled by thermal oxidation of the silicon material in said waveguide section.
9. The optical waveguide component according to claim 1 , wherein the birefringence of an optical waveguide section is controlled by etching of the silicon material in said waveguide section.
10. The optical waveguide component according to claim 1 , wherein the birefringence of an optical waveguide section is controlled by the deposition of a cladding layer to induce strain in said waveguide section.
11. The optical waveguide component according to claim 1 , wherein the birefringence of an optical waveguide section is controlled by an atomic layer deposition (ALD).
12. The optical waveguide component according to claim 1 , wherein the birefringence of an optical waveguide section is controlled by the deposition of piezoelectric materials for active control of the strain in said waveguide section.
13. The optical waveguide component according to claim 10 , wherein the cladding layer is comprised of Si3N4.