Method for operating a motor vehicle with a permanently-excited synchronous machine, and motor vehicle
A method for operating a motor vehicle is provided, having, as a prime mover, a permanently-excited synchronous machine with windings. The synchronous machine is connected to a vehicle electrical system of the motor vehicle via a converter having a switching arrangement and a capacitor in an intermediate circuit. The switching arrangement can be controlled via a control device connected to the vehicle electrical system. The permanently-excited synchronous machine is operated as a generator while being driven by external means. Energy generated by the synchronous machine and stored in the capacitor for operating the control device and the switching arrangement is provided when a first threshold value for the voltage in the intermediate circuit is exceeded. When a second threshold value for the voltage in the intermediate circuit is exceeded, the switching arrangement is activated for short-circuiting the windings of the synchronous machine.
1. A method for operating a motor vehicle, having, as a prime mover, a permanently-excited synchronous machine with windings, during a driving of the motor vehicle by external means, wherein the synchronous machine is connected to a vehicle electrical system of the motor vehicle via a converter having a switching arrangement and a capacitor in an intermediate circuit, and the switching arrangement can be controlled via a control device connected to the vehicle electrical system, the method comprising:
operating the permanently-excited synchronous machine as a generator during the driving by external means;
providing, when a first threshold value for the voltage in the intermediate circuit is exceeded, energy generated by the synchronous machine and stored in the capacitor for operating the control device and the switching arrangement;
activating the switching arrangement for short-circuiting the windings of the synchronous machine when a second threshold value for the voltage in the intermediate circuit is exceeded; and
activating, when a third threshold value is undershot for the voltage in the intermediate circuit and when the short circuit is present, the switching arrangement in order to terminate the short circuit, wherein the third threshold value is selected to be higher than the first threshold value and higher than a minimum voltage for maintaining the switching state of the switching arrangement.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the control device is kept active after first activation of the control device, and/or the switching arrangement remains controllable at any time during this time period.
3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising dynamically selecting the second and third threshold values in order to set a pulse frequency, lying in a frequency range, of the voltage curve, occurring in the intermediate circuit by activating and deactivating the active short circuit, in the intermediate circuit.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the control device is connected to a low-voltage component of the vehicle electrical system, the low-voltage component is connected via a DC/DC converter to a high-voltage component of the vehicle electrical system, the high-voltage component is connected to the synchronous machine.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the switching arrangement has six circuit breakers, wherein the circuit breakers are field-effect transistors or IGBTs, wherein a respective driver for providing a gate voltage is assigned to each circuit breaker, wherein the gate voltage is fed, in particular, from the low-voltage component.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second threshold value is selected to be smaller than a peak voltage occurring during a first start-up of the vehicle electrical system by the external drive.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first threshold value is selected in a range of 20 to 40 V, the second threshold value in a range of 50 to 60 V, and the third threshold value is in a range of 35 to 50 V.
8. A motor vehicle comprising, as a prime mover, a permanently-excited synchronous machine with windings, wherein the synchronous machine is connected to a vehicle electrical system of the motor vehicle via a converter having a switching arrangement and a capacitor in an intermediate circuit, and the switching arrangement can be controlled via a control device connected to the vehicle electrical system, wherein the motor vehicle is designed to:
operate the permanently-excited synchronous machine as a generator;
provide, when a first threshold value for the voltage in the intermediate circuit is exceeded, energy generated by the synchronous machine and stored in the capacitor for operating the control device and the switching arrangement;
activate the switching arrangement for short-circuiting the windings of the synchronous machine when a second threshold value for the voltage in the intermediate circuit is exceeded; and
activate, when a third threshold value is undershot for the voltage in the intermediate circuit and when the short circuit is present, the switching arrangement in order to terminate the short circuit, wherein the third threshold value is selected to be higher than the first threshold value and higher than a minimum voltage for maintaining the switching state of the switching arrangement.