Magnetically immobilized microbiocidal enzymes
The present invention provides compositions and methods for reducing microbial contamination or infection in plants, animals, fabrics, and products therefrom. The present invention also provides compositions and methods for reducing human infections. In particular, it provides solid magnetic nanoparticles comprising bacteriostatic, bactericidal, fungistatic, or fungicidal enzymes in one component, and substrates for the enzymes in another component. The compositions are dormant and become active upon exposure to hydration and oxygen.
1. A liquid antimicrobial composition, comprising;
a. a polymeric water-solvatable matrix formulated with self-assembled mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles comprising a free radical producing enzyme; and
b. a segregated component having a substrate for said free radical producing enzyme and a hydrogen peroxide source;
wherein said polymeric water-solvatable matrix causes said composition to be essentially inactive and stable, wherein mixing said polymeric water-solvatable matrix and segregated component activates said composition and results in said hydrogen peroxide source acting as a substrate for said free radical producing enzyme, and wherein free radicals are produced having a microbiostatic or a microbiocidal activity, wherein said polymeric water-solvatable matrix is in the form of a coating.
2. The liquid antimicrobial composition of claim 1 , wherein said matrix further comprises a hydrogen peroxide producing enzyme and said hydrogen peroxide source is a substrate for said hydrogen peroxide producing enzyme.
3. The antimicrobial composition of claim 1 , wherein said activity is bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal.
4. The antimicrobial composition of claim 1 , wherein said activity is viricidal.
5. The antimicrobial composition of claim 1 , wherein said activity is fungicidal.
6. A liquid pesticide product comprising the antimicrobial composition of claim 1 .
7. A method of reducing or eliminating microbial pest growth comprising spraying a substance with the liquid antimicrobial composition of claim 1 .
8. The antimicrobial composition of claim 1 , wherein said mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles have an iron oxide composition.
9. The antimicrobial composition of claim 1 , wherein said mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles have a magnetic nanoparticle size distribution in which at least 90% of magnetic nanoparticles have a size of at least 3 nm and up to 30 nm, and an aggregated particle size distribution in which at least 90% of said mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles have a size of at least 10 nm and up to 500 nm.
10. The antimicrobial composition of claim 2 , wherein said hydrogen peroxide generating enzyme is an oxidase.
11. The antimicrobial composition of claim 10 , wherein said oxidase is glucose oxidase or alcohol oxidase.
12. The antimicrobial composition of claim 2 , wherein said substrate for said hydrogen peroxide generating enzyme is β-D-Glucose or an alcohol.
13. The antimicrobial composition of claim 1 , wherein said free radical producing enzyme is a peroxidase.
14. The antimicrobial composition of claim 13 , wherein said peroxidase is a lactoperoxidase.
15. The antimicrobial composition of claim 13 , wherein said peroxidase is myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, or thyroid peroxidase.
16. The antimicrobial composition of claim 13 , wherein said substrate for said peroxidase is thiocyanate, iodide, or bromide.
17. The antimicrobial composition of claim 1 , wherein said free radical generating enzyme produces hypothiocyanite, hypoiodite, or hypobromite.
18. The antimicrobial composition of claim 1 , further comprising a cellulase enzyme.
19. The antimicrobial composition of claim 18 , wherein said cellulase enzyme is an exocellulase or an endocellulase.