Apparatuses, systems, and methods for producing a plurality of articles with nanolaminated coatings using rotation
Provided herein are apparatuses, systems, and methods for the electrodeposition of nano- or microlaminate coatings, which have improved heat, wear, and corrosion resistance, on a plurality of workpieces.
1. An apparatus comprising:
at least one support structure configured to support a plurality of workpieces around a rotational axis, each workpiece of the plurality of workpieces having a substantially cylindrical shape with an outer surface and a longitudinal axis, and each workpiece of the plurality of workpieces having a hollow cavity defined by an inner surface;
a drive assembly configured to rotate the plurality of workpieces around the rotational axis, and
a contact point assembly configured to enable electrical contact with the plurality of workpieces, wherein the contact point assembly comprises a plurality of contacts comprising a series of peripheral rods, wherein an individual peripheral rod of the series of peripheral rods is configured to be positioned within the hollow cavity of at least one workpiece of the plurality of workpieces substantially along the longitudinal axis of the at least one workpiece of the plurality of workpieces or an axis substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the at least one workpiece of the plurality of workpieces, wherein each of the contacts of the plurality of contacts comprises a threaded portion configured to couple to a threaded portion of an individual workpiece of the plurality of workpieces.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the contact point assembly is configured to rotate each workpiece of the plurality of workpieces around its respective longitudinal axis.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the drive assembly comprises a central rod aligned along the rotational axis.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a motor coupled to the drive assembly and configured to provide rotational motion to the drive assembly; and
wherein the drive assembly further comprises a gear configured to transfer motion from the motor to rotate the plurality of workpieces around the rotational axis.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a conductive bus supported by the at least one support structure, the conductive bus configured to be in electrical contact with the plurality of workpieces via the contact point assembly, such that the plurality of workpieces are free to rotate around the rotational axis while maintaining electrical contact with the conductive bus.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the conductive bus is configured to maintain electrical contact with the inner surface of an individual workpiece of the plurality of workpieces.
7. A system comprising:
a plurality of workpieces around a rotational axis, each workpiece of the plurality of workpieces having a substantially cylindrical shape with an outer surface and a longitudinal axis; and
an apparatus of claim 1 .
8. The system of claim 7 , further comprising:
a power supply; and
a power supply controller that, in operation, controls a current density applied to the plurality of workpieces, wherein the current density varies over time.
9. The system of claim 8 , further comprising an exterior anode electrically coupled to the power supply, wherein the exterior anode is positioned substantially parallel to the rotational axis at a substantially uniform distance from the rotational axis.
10. A method for producing a nanolaminate coating on a plurality of workpieces, the method comprising:
introducing the plurality of workpieces, each workpiece being substantially cylindrical, having a longitudinal axis, and having an outer surface, to a system of claim 7 ;
rotating the plurality of workpieces around a rotational axis at a rotational speed; and
electrodepositing an electrodepositable species onto the plurality of workpieces as a first nanolaminate coating on at least a portion of the outer surface of each of the plurality of workpieces.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising rotating each workpiece around the respective longitudinal axis at an individual rotational speed.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the electrodepositing comprises applying a voltage or a current to a rod in contact with at least a portion of the plurality of workpieces, wherein the electrodepositing comprises varying the voltage or the current over time.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein introducing the plurality of workpieces comprises coupling individual workpieces of the plurality of workpieces together in series.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein introducing the plurality of workpieces comprises inserting a rod through an interior hollow cavity of a portion of the plurality of workpieces.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
coupling the rod to a conductive bus; and
positioning an exterior anode adjacent to the workpiece.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the contact point assembly is configured to rotate the plurality of workpieces around the rotational axis in a first direction and to rotate individual workpieces of the plurality of workpieces around its respective longitudinal axis in a second direction.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the contact point assembly comprises a first conductive article.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the first conductive article is configured to maintain physical contact with the inner surface of an individual workpiece of the plurality of workpieces.
19. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the conductive bus is configured to maintain electrical contact with the outer surface of an individual workpiece of the plurality of workpieces.