Laser plasma optical device and method for generating ultra-short ultra-intense mid-infrared pulses

1. A laser plasma optical device, comprising:

a laser system for outputting driving light pulses and signal light pulses;

a vacuum target chamber for providing a vacuum environment for interaction of laser and matter;

a gas target generating device disposed in the vacuum target chamber, the gas target generating device being used for generating gas and forming a plasma channel target along a propagation direction of a driving light pulse by a laser pre-pulse irradiation or by a high-pressure ionized gas; and

a focusing element disposed in the vacuum target chamber,

wherein the driving light pulse is focused onto the plasma channel target by the focusing element to generate a density-modulated plasma wake;

after a predetermined delay time T, the signal light pulse is focused onto a leading edge region of a second plasma density cavitation bubble of the density-modulated plasma wake through the focusing element, so that frequency of the signal light pulse is red-shifted to generate a near-single-cycle mid-infrared pulse with relativistic intensity and single-pulse energy up to multi-millijoule.

2. The laser plasma optical device of claim 1 , wherein the plasma channel target has a density rising radial density gradient distribution in a radial direction of a channel and a substantially uniform axial density distribution in an axial direction of the channel.

3. The laser plasma optical device of claim 1 , wherein the leading edge region is within most front end or a first half region of the second plasma cavitation bubble of the plasma wake.

4. The laser plasma optical device of claim 1 , wherein a beam waist radius where the driving light pulse and the signal light pulse are focused on the plasma target is 5-30 micrometers.

5. The laser plasma optical device of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined delay time T is adjusted in a range of tens of femtoseconds.

6. The laser plasma optical device of claim 1 , wherein the peak power of the driving light pulse is 1-20 terawatts.

7. The laser plasma optical device of claim 1 , wherein the peak power of the signal light pulse is 0.1-15 terawatts.

8. The laser plasma optical device of claim 1 , wherein the gas target generating device is a controllable high pressure gas nozzle device or capillary channel device.

9. The laser plasma optical device of claim 1 , wherein the mid-infrared pulse comprises one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of (a) a peak intensity exceeding 10 17 watts/cm 2 ; (b) a pulse width being short to near a single optical cycle at the half-height full width position of the light intensity; (c) total energy up to dozens of millijoules; (d) a central wavelength up to 5 micrometer, and the maximum cut-off wavelength up to 10 micrometer; and (e) a controllable carrier phase.

10. A method for generating a near-single-cycle mid-infrared pulse with relativistic intensity and single-pulse energy up to multi-millijoule, comprising

(a) providing a gas target to generate a plasma channel target through laser pre-pulse irradiation or high-pressure ionization of the gas target;

(b) providing a driving light pulse to focus onto the gas target or the plasma channel target formed by the gas target in step (a) to generate a density-modulated plasma wake; and

(c) after a predetermined delay time T, providing a signal light pulse to focus onto a leading edge region of a second plasma density cavitation bubble of the plasma wake in step (b) to red-shift a frequency of the signal light pulse to generate a near-single-cycle mid-infrared pulse with relativistic intensity and single-pulse energy up to multi-millijoule.