Garment and method for measuring human milk production and breastfeeding parameters
Devices and methods for simultaneously measuring, in real time: 1) volumetric changes of a mammalian breast due to milk production and output, and 2) breast temperature, are provided. The devices are generally sensors which can be disposed within a wearable garment such as a bra.
1. A sensor comprising:
a closed band of non-conductive elastomeric material having at least one sealed channel embedded therein, wherein the at least one sealed channel includes a non-volatile electrically conductive liquid;
at least two microelectrodes in electrical communication with the non-volatile electrically conductive liquid; and
a connector operatively coupled to the at least two microelectrodes and an external electronics system, wherein the connector transmits and receives electrical signals to and from the at least two microelectrodes and the external electronics system.
2. The sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a temperature sensor.
3. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the external electronics system comprises an electronic device configured to perform signal processing.
4. A wearable garment for monitoring breast volume and temperature, comprising
at least one cup having a contoured shape for engaging a woman's breast, wherein the at least one cup comprises at least one sensor according to claim 1 .
5. The wearable garment of claim 4 , wherein the at least one cup of the wearable garment comprises a sensor according to claim 1 and a second cup of the wearable garment comprises a control sensor that detects inhalation and exhalation.
6. A method of measuring breast volume and temperature in a subject in need thereof, comprising,
positioning a sensor of claim 1 or a wearable garment comprising the sensor on a breast or breasts of the subject,
measuring sensor impedance as a function of frequency to obtain a frequency response,
determining circuit component values by fitting the frequency response with a circuit model that represents sensor behavior, and
calculating breast volume and temperature using the circuit component values and predetermined calibration functions that correlate the circuit component values to corresponding physical variables for breast volume and temperature.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the predetermined calibration functions are obtained by measuring sensor frequency responses at a plurality of breast volume and temperature levels.