Battery with built-in voltage regulation device

1. A battery, comprising:

an external surface of the battery which is substantially defined by:

a housing;

a positive terminal; and

a negative terminal;

wherein the housing, positive terminal and negative terminal are configured to be compatible with a battery size of AA, AAA, C, D or 9V;

wherein the housing contains:

a power source; and

a voltage regulation device that is operatively connected to the positive terminal, the negative terminal and the power source,

wherein the voltage regulation device comprises at least one power source regulator configured to selectively regulate the power source to provide an output voltage between the positive and negative terminals which is less than the power source voltage, and at least one charging regulator configured to selectively increase a voltage applied to the positive and negative terminals to charge the power source, and

wherein the voltage regulation device further comprises a switch configured to select between:

an active operating mode in which the at least one power source regulator is actively regulating the power-source to provide the output voltage,

a low-power operating mode in which the power source regulator is not actively regulating the power source to provide output voltage, and

a disconnection mode, in which the power source is operatively disconnected from the positive terminal and/or negative terminal.

2. The battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the switch is configured to monitor a voltage of the power source and transition the voltage regulation device between the low-power operating mode and the active operating mode when the power source voltage either:

i) drops below a first pre-determined threshold voltage; or

ii) rises above a second pre-determined threshold.

3. The battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the switch is configured to detect a connection or disconnection from a battery charger and, on detection, transition the voltage regulation device between the low-power operating mode and the active operating mode.

4. The battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the switch comprises a physical activation means, the physical activation means comprising one or more of: a button, a magnetic switch; or a removable insulating tab.

5. The battery as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the voltage regulation device comprises a voltage sensor and/or a current sensor configured to determine voltage level information of the power source and/or the current flow of the power source and feed the voltage level/current flow information to the controller.

6. The battery as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the voltage regulation device comprises at least one current sensor that is operatively connected to the controller, the at least one current sensor is adapted to detect two or more of the following:

i) a current being drained by a user's product/device during use;

ii) a current being used in the power source during discharge;

iii) a current being drained from the power source; and

iv) a current being used to recharge the power source, if the power source is rechargeable.

7. The battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein in the active operating mode, the voltage regulation device regulates the output voltage at a programmed variable level.

8. The battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the voltage regulation device comprises at least one first regulator configured to regulate the output voltage to a programmed variable level which is greater than a voltage of the power source.

9. The voltage regulation device as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the switch is configured to monitor a voltage of the power source and transition the voltage regulation device between the low-power operating mode and the active operating mode when the power source voltage either:

iii) drops below a first pre-determined threshold voltage; or

iv) rises above a second pre-determined threshold.

10. The voltage regulation device as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the switch is configured to detect a connection or disconnection from a battery charger and, on detection, transition the voltage regulation device between the low-power operating mode and the active operating mode.

11. The voltage regulation device as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the switch comprises a physical activation means, the physical activation means comprising one or more of: a button, a magnetic switch; or a removable insulating tab.

12. The voltage regulation device as claimed in claim 8 , wherein in the active operating mode, the power source regulator regulates the output voltage at a programmed variable level.

13. The voltage regulation device as claimed in claim 8 , further comprising at least one regulator configured to regulate the output voltage to a programmed variable level which is greater than a voltage of the power source.

14. The voltage regulation device as claimed in claim 8 , further comprising a controller that is operatively connected to the positive terminal, the negative terminal, the power source and to one or more components of the voltage regulation device, the controller being configured to perform one or more of the following:

iv) provide a lower output voltage if the power source voltage has dropped to a pre-determined level;

v) regulate the output voltage according to the current flow of the power source and/or the programmed variable level; or

vi) monitor the current and/or voltage level of the power source in order to provide an indication when the battery approaches the end of a discharge.

15. The voltage regulation device as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the voltage regulation device comprises at least one sensor that is adapted to determine a connection to a battery charger, and the at least one sensor is adapted to perform one or more the following:

v) determine the connection to the battery charger by detecting a voltage from the battery charger;

vi) determine the connection to the battery charger by detecting a current from the battery charger;

vii) provide voltage information to the controller in order to regulate the detected voltage of the battery charger for charging the power source; or

viii) provide current information to the controller in order to regulate the detected voltage of the battery charger for charging the power source.

16. A voltage regulation device as claimed in claim 8 , further comprising a voltage sensor and/or a current sensor configured to determine voltage level information of the power source and/or the current flow of the power source and feed the voltage level/current flow information to the controller.

17. A voltage regulation device as claimed in claim 8 , further comprising at least one current sensor that is operatively connected to the controller, the at least one current sensor is adapted to detect two or more of the following:

v) a current being drained by a user's product/device during use;

vi) a current being used in the power source during discharge;

vii) a current being drained from the power source; and

viii) a current being used to recharge the power source, if the power source is rechargeable.

18. The battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the battery further comprises a controller that is operatively connected to the positive terminal, the negative terminal, the power source and to one or more components of the voltage regulation device, the controller being configured to perform one or more of the following:

i) provide a lower output voltage if the power source voltage has dropped to a pre-determined level;

ii) regulate the output voltage according to the current flow of the power source and/or the programmed variable level; or

iii) monitor the current and/or voltage level of the power source in order to provide an indication when the battery approaches the end of a discharge.

19. The battery as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the voltage regulation device comprises at least one sensor that is adapted to determine a connection to a battery charger, and the at least one sensor is adapted to perform one or more the following:

i) determine the connection to the battery charger by detecting a voltage from the battery charger;

ii) determine the connection to the battery charger by detecting a current from the battery charger;

iii) provide voltage information to the controller in order to regulate the detected voltage of the battery charger for charging the power source; or

iv) provide current information to the controller in order to regulate the detected voltage of the battery charger for charging the power source.

20. A voltage regulation device configured to be housed within a battery, the battery comprising an external surface which is substantially defined by:

a housing;

a positive terminal; and

a negative terminal;

wherein the housing, positive terminal and negative terminal are configured to be compatible with a battery size of AA, AAA, C, D or 9V;

wherein the housing contains:

a power source; and

a voltage regulation device that is operatively connected to the positive terminal, the negative terminal and the power source,

wherein the voltage regulation device comprises at least one power source regulator configured to selectively regulate the power source to provide an output voltage between the positive and negative terminals which is less than the power source voltage, and at least one charging regulator configured to selectively increase a voltage applied to the positive and negative terminals to charge the power source, and

wherein the voltage regulation device further comprises a switch configured to select between:

an active operating mode in which the least one power source regulator is actively regulating the power-source to provide the output voltage,

a low-power operating mode in which the power source regulator is not actively regulating the power source to provide output voltage, and

a disconnection mode, in which the power source is operatively disconnected from the positive terminal and/or negative terminal.