Adapter device for bidirectional operation
An adapter device, including an AC connection including first AC contact and second AC contact; a DC connection including first DC contact and second DC contact; a first bridge branch including first switching device and second switching device, the first switching device and second switching device connected in series at a first bridge point, the first bridge point connected to first AC contact; a second bridge branch including third switching device and fourth switching device, third switching device and fourth switching device connected in series at a second bridge point, the second bridge point connected to second AC contact; and mode-setting device configured to predetermine a direction of power flow between AC connection and/or DC connection, first bridge branch and second bridge branch connected in parallel to the first DC contact and second DC contact, and different types of switching devices used as switching devices of a bridge branch.
1. An energy supply system comprising a three-phase structure for an electric vehicle, wherein the energy supply system comprises:
an AC source and/or an AC socket;
a DC source and/or a DC storage device;
a first adapter device in a first phase of the three-phase structure, wherein the first adapter device comprises:
an AC connection comprising a first AC contact and a second AC contact, the first AC contact and the second AC contact connected to the AC source and/or the AC socket;
a DC connection comprising a first DC contact and a second DC contact, the first DC contact and the second DC contact connected to the DC source and/or the DC storage device;
a first bridge branch comprising a first switching device and a second switching device, the first switching device connected in series to the second switching device at a first bridge point, the first bridge point connected to the first AC contact of the AC connection;
a second bridge branch comprising a third switching device and a fourth switching device, the third switching device is connected in series to the fourth switching device at a second bridge point, the second bridge point connected to the second AC contact of the AC connection; and
a mode-setting device configured to predetermine a direction of power flow between the AC connection and/or the DC connection, wherein the first bridge branch and the second bridge branch are connected in parallel to the first DC contact and the second DC contact of the DC connection, and wherein each branch of the first bridge branch and the second bridge branch includes different types of switching devices comprising insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), and silicon carbide (SiC) diode, or IGBT, silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (Si-MOSFET), and SiC diode;
a second adapter device in a second phase of the three-phase structure, wherein the second adapter device comprises:
a second AC connection comprising a third AC contact and a fourth AC contact, the third AC contact and the fourth AC contact connected to the AC source and/or the AC socket;
a second DC connection comprising a third DC contact and a fourth DC contact, the third DC contact and the fourth DC contact connected to the DC source and/or the DC storage device;
a third bridge branch comprising a fifth switching device and a first diode, the fifth switching device connected in series to the first diode at a third bridge point, the third bridge point connected to the third AC contact of the second AC connection;
a fourth bridge branch comprising a sixth switching device and a second diode, the sixth switching device connected in series to the second diode at a fourth bridge point, the fourth bridge point connected to the fourth AC contact of the AC connection, wherein the third bridge branch and the fourth bridge branch are connected in parallel to the first DC contact and the second DC contact of the DC connection, and wherein a switching device of each of the third bridge branch and the fourth bridge branch comprises no IGBT; and
a third adapter device in a third phase of the three-phase structure, wherein the third adapter device comprises:
a third AC connection comprising a fifth AC contact and a sixth AC contact, the fifth AC contact and the sixth AC contact connected to the AC source and/or the AC socket;
a third DC connection comprising a fifth DC contact and a sixth DC contact, the fifth DC contact and the sixth DC contact connected to the DC source and/or the DC storage device;
a fifth bridge branch comprising a seventh switching device and a third diode, the seventh switching device connected in series to the third diode at a fifth bridge point, the fifth bridge point connected to the fifth AC contact of the third AC connection;
a sixth bridge branch comprising an eighth switching device and a fourth diode, the eighth switching device connected in series to the fourth diode at a sixth bridge point, the sixth bridge point connected to the sixth AC contact of the third AC connection, wherein the fifth bridge branch and the sixth bridge branch are connected in parallel to the first DC contact and the second DC contact of the DC connection, and wherein a switching device of each of the fifth bridge branch and the sixth bridge branch comprises no IGBT.
2. The energy supply system according to claim 1 , wherein the mode-setting device is configured to predetermine the direction of the power flow between the DC connection and/or the AC connection in order to control the first switching device, the second switching device, the third switching device, and the fourth switching device according to a predeterminable pattern.
3. The energy supply system according to claim 1 , wherein the different types of switching devices within each bridge branch of the first adapter device differ in terms of their switch-off losses and/or their switching speed.
4. The energy supply system according to claim 1 , wherein the first AC contact and/or the second AC contact of the AC connection has/have a coil.
5. The energy supply system according to claim 1 , wherein the mode-setting device is configured to:
predetermine the direction of power flow from the AC connection to the DC connection, to switch the second switching device and the fourth switching device based on a negative potential of an alternating current applied to the AC connection in order to permanently connect a bridge point of a corresponding bridge branch belonging to a switching device to the second DC contact during an associated half-wave; and
operate the second switching device or the fourth switching device, which is not permanently switched during the half-wave, with a clock pulse having a higher frequency than that of the alternating current applied to the AC connection.
6. The energy supply system according to claim 1 , wherein the mode-setting device is configured to:
predetermine the direction of power flow from the DC connection to the AC connection, to switch the first switching device and the third switching device based on a positive potential of an alternating current applied to the AC connection in order to permanently connect a bridge point of a corresponding bridge branch belonging to a switching device to the first DC contact during an associated half-wave; and
operate the second switching device or the fourth switching device, which is not permanently switched during the half-wave, with a clock pulse having a higher frequency than that of the alternating current applied to the AC connection.
7. The energy supply system according to claim 5 , wherein the clock pulse is independent of the direction of power flow.
8. The energy supply system according to claim 6 , wherein the clock pulse is independent of the direction of power flow.