Method and device for comminuting a plastic and for producing powdered material from said plastic
A method and device for comminuting a thermoplastic polymer, in particular a thermoplastic elastomer, and for producing therefrom pulverulent materials with a predefined grain distribution, includes the following steps: comminuting the thermoplastic polymer, which is provided in lump form, into a starting powder in a comminuting device, and subsequently screening this starting powder at least once until a predefined grain distribution has been attained. A release agent, which reduces the tack and capability for agglomeration formation of the starting powder, is fed into the comminuting device during the comminuting step.
1. A method for comminuting a thermoplastic polymer and for producing therefrom a pulverulent materials with a predefined grain distribution, the method including the following steps:
predefining a desired grain distribution of the pulverulent material,
comminuting the thermoplastic polymer, which is provided in lump form, into a starting powder in a comminuting device, wherein the starting powder comprises granules, and
screening the starting powder at least once until the pulverulent material with the predefined grain distribution has been attained,
wherein a release agent, is fed into the comminuting device during the comminuting step, wherein the release agent is provided in finely powdered form and wherein the release agent coats the granules of the starting powder in dust-like manner to reduce the tack and capability of the starting powder for agglomeration formation,
wherein a) the step of comminuting is carried out in a mill comprised by the comminuting device and thereby a cooling agent with a temperature of <−50° C. is fed into the comminuting device, or
b) the step of comminuting uses a spraying tower, in which the thermoplastic polymer is comminuted by melting or dissolving and then atomizing or spraying via at least one spraying nozzle, wherein a cooling agent with a temperature of <−50° C. is fed into the comminuting device.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the release agent is selected from at least one from the following group: surfactants, waxes, and metallic soaps.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the release agent is hydrophobic.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the release agent has a melting point temperature differing from the temperature of the melting point of the polymer by 30° C. at most.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the release agent is supplied prior to the production of the starting powder being finished.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least one mechanically moved screen, is used in the screening step.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the release agent is supplied with a percentage by weight of 5% at most, based on the weight of the thermoplastic polymer.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the release agent is supplied with a percentage by weight of at least 0.1 based on the weight of the thermoplastic polymer.
9. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the thermoplastic polymer has a Shore A hardness of less than 90 at normal temperature.
10. A device for comminuting a thermoplastic polymer according to the method of claim 1 and for producing therefrom a pulverulent material with a predefined grain distribution, the device comprising:
a comminuting device for thermoplastic polymers provided in lump form, which comprises a mill or a spraying tower, and which has an inlet for the thermoplastic polymer, an outlet for starting powder, and a feed pipe for a cooling agent with a temperature of <−50° C.; and
a screening device disposed downstream of the comminuting device and connected therewith via pipelines in which the starting powder is conveyed, wherein the screening device has at least one screen designed for the predefined grain distribution,
wherein the comminuting device has a means for introducing a release agent into the comminuting device.
11. The device according to claim 10 , wherein the means is a pipe or a nozzle for the release agent.
12. The device of claim 10 , wherein the spraying tower has at least one spraying nozzle and an outlet, and that the means for introducing a release agent is at least one nozzle disposed in the spraying tower between the spraying nozzle and the outlet.
13. The device according to claim 12 , wherein droplets exiting the spraying nozzle move within the spraying tower towards the outlet, and that the nozzle is configured for causing in the spraying tower a mist of release agent through which the droplets move.
14. The device according to claim 10 , wherein when the comminuting device includes a mill, the means for introducing the release agent is a pipe formed together with the infeed portion for the thermoplastic polymer or for the cooling agent.