System and method for fabricating electromagnetic field enhancing objects for magnetic resonance imaging
Systems and methods for designing and fabricating three-dimensional objects with precisely computed material compositions for use in enhancing electromagnetic fields for magnetic resonance imaging (“MRI”) are provided. As examples, the fabricated object can be designed to reduce magnetic field inhomogeneities in the main magnetic field of an MRI system, or to reduce inhomogeneities in a transmit radio frequency (“RF”) field (i.e., a B 1 field). As examples, the object can be a shim; a housing or other part of an RF coil; a medical device, such as a surgical implant; or component used in a medical device, such as a housing for an implantable medical device.
1. A method for designing an object having desired electromagnetic properties to modify an electromagnetic field generated by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, the steps of the method comprising:
(a) providing to a processor, a magnetic field map for an MRI system;
(b) computing with the processor, an object design by optimizing a cost function that is based at least in part on an electromagnetic field generated by the MRI system as indicated in the provided magnetic field map, the object design defining a spatial distribution of unit volumes each containing a deposition of at least one build material having known electromagnetic properties;
(c) generating with the processor, instructions for a fabrication system to fabricate an object based on the computed object design;
(d) communicating the instructions to the fabrication system in order to control the fabrication system to fabricate the object according to the computed object design; and
wherein the spatial distribution of the at least one build material having known electromagnetic properties will modify the electromagnetic field generated by the MRI system to achieve a desired change in the electromagnetic field.
2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the cost function is based at least in part on a variation in a polarizing magnetic field of the MRI system.
3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the cost function is based at least in part on an amplitude of a gradient of a polarizing magnetic field of the MRI system.
4. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the fabrication system is a three-dimensional printing system.
5. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the at least one build material is selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high-density polyethylene (HDPL), polylactic acid (PLA), and combinations thereof.
6. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the at least one build material is mixed with another material to achieve the known electromagnetic properties.
7. The method as recited in claim 6 , wherein the another material includes a ferromagnetic metal.
8. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the known electromagnetic properties comprise magnetic susceptibility values.
9. The method as recited in claim 8 , wherein the generated electromagnetic field is a polarizing magnetic field.
10. The method as recited in claim 9 , wherein the provided magnetic field map is a B 0 map.
11. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the known electromagnetic properties comprise dielectric values.
12. The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein the generated electromagnetic field is a transmit radio frequency (RF) field.
13. The method as recited in claim 12 , wherein the provided magnetic field map is a B 1 map.
14. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the object design is computed by the processor based on an entire volume of the spatial distribution.
15. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the object design is computed by the processor based on a successive layering of build material.
16. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the object design is based on a plurality of build voxels that collectively define the spatial distribution.
17. The method as recited in claim 16 , wherein each of the plurality of build voxels is composed of a uniform build material.
18. The method as recited in claim 16 , wherein at least one of the plurality of build voxels is composed of a mixture of at least two different build materials, each having different known electromagnetic properties.