Porous refractory cast material, its use and production
A porous refractory cast material contains a closed refractory aggregate fraction having a minimum particle size and a maximum particle size; the ratio of maximum particle size to minimum particle size is 10:1 or less. This closed refractory aggregate fraction comprises all of the porous refractory cast material having a particle diameter greater than 0.1 mm. The porous refractory cast material also contains a binder phase containing refractory selected from calcium aluminate cement, alumina phosphate, hydratable alumina, colloidal silica and combinations thereof. Also disclosed is a metallurgical vessel with an interior lining incorporating the porous refractory cast material.
1. A porous refractory cast material comprising
a closed refractory aggregate fraction comprising porous spherulites consisting essentially of alumina and having a minimum particle size and a maximum particle size, wherein the ratio of maximum particle size to minimum particle size is 10:1 or less; and
a ferrous-capable binder phase comprising refractory binder selected from the group consisting of calcium aluminate cement, alumina phosphate, alumina formed from hydratable alumina, silica formed from colloidal silica and combinations thereof;
wherein the closed refractory aggregate fraction comprises 100 wt % of the material having a particle diameter greater than 0.1 mm, and wherein the weight percentage of the aggregate fraction to the combined weight of the aggregate fraction and the binder phase is within the range from and including 85 weight percent to and including 98 weight percent; and
wherein the porous spherulites have a foliated inner structure.
2. The porous refractory material of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of maximum particle size to minimum particle size is 5:1 or less.
3. The porous refractory material of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of maximum particle size to minimum particle size is 2:1 or less.
4. The porous refractory material of claim 1 , wherein the weight percentage of the aggregate fraction to the combined weight of the aggregate fraction and the binder phase is within the range from and including 90 weight percent to and including 98 weight percent.
5. The porous refractory material of claim 4 , wherein the refractory binder comprises calcium aluminate cement, and wherein the binder phase further comprises
(a) reactive alumina; and
(b) silica.
6. The porous refractory material of claim 1 , wherein 100 wt % of the closed refractory aggregate fraction has a particle size with a diameter of at least 5.0 mm.
7. The porous refractory material of claim 1 , wherein the binder phase further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of reactive alumina, calcined alumina, tabular alumina, fused alumina, carbon, zirconia, magnesia, fume silica, bauxite, chromium oxide and combinations thereof.
8. The porous refractory material of claim 1 , wherein the ratio between the size of the smallest particles of refractory aggregate and the largest particles in the binder phase is at least 10:1.
9. The porous refractory material of claim 1 , wherein the ratio between the size of the smallest particles of refractory aggregate and the largest particles in the binder phase is at least 2:1.
10. The porous refractory material of claim 1 , wherein 100 wt % of the binder phase consists of particles having a size of 100 microns or less.
11. The porous refractory material of claim 1 , wherein the porosity is in the range from and including 20 vol % open porosity to and including 60 vol % open porosity.
12. The porous refractory material of claim 1 , wherein the porosity is tortuous.
13. A porous refractory cast material structure comprising
a first layer comprising a first porous refractory material according to claim 1 , and having a first layer minimum aggregate particle size; and
a second layer comprising a second porous refractory material according to claim 1 , and having a second layer maximum aggregate particle size
wherein the first layer minimum aggregate particle size is greater than the second layer aggregate maximum particle size.
14. A metallurgical vessel having an interior and an exterior, wherein the interior of the metallurgical vessel comprises a lining structure comprising a porous refractory cast material according to claim 1 .
15. A process for the minimization of oxidation of a molten metal, comprising
a) transferring molten metal to a vessel having a lining structure comprising a porous refractory cast material according to claim 1 , and
b) transferring the molten metal out of the vessel.
16. The porous refractory material of claim 1 , wherein 100 wt % of the closed refractory aggregate fraction has a particle size with a diameter of at least 3.0 mm, and at most 6.0 mm.