Polymer filaments comprising a metal precursor for additive manufacturing and methods associated therewith
Additive manufacturing processes, such as fused filament fabrication, may be employed to form printed objects in a range of shapes. It is sometimes desirable to form conductive traces upon the surface of a printed object. Conductive traces and similar features may be introduced in conjunction with fused filament fabrication processes by incorporating a metal precursor in a polymer filament having a filament body comprising a thermoplastic polymer, and forming a printed object from the polymer filament through layer-by-layer deposition, in which the metal precursor remains substantially unconverted to metal while forming the printed object. Suitable polymer filaments compatible with fused filament fabrication may comprise a thermoplastic polymer defining a filament body, and a metal precursor contacting the filament body, in which the metal precursor is activatable to form metal islands upon laser irradiation.
1. A polymer filament compatible with fused filament fabrication, comprising:
a thermoplastic polymer defining a filament body; and
a metal precursor contacting the filament body, the metal precursor being activatable to form metal islands upon laser irradiation, wherein the metal precursor comprises copper chromite.
2. The polymer filament of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor is activatable by an infrared or near-infrared pulsed laser.
3. The polymer filament of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor is activatable at a wavelength ranging from about 1020 nm to about 1070 nm.
4. The polymer filament of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor is blended with the thermoplastic polymer, localized upon an outer surface of the filament body, or any combination thereof.
5. The polymer filament of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor is localized in an inner core of the polymer filament and the filament body surrounds the inner core as an outer shell.
6. The polymer filament of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor comprises about 1% to about 30% of the polymer filament by weight.
7. The polymer filament of claim 1 , further comprising:
an infrared radiation absorber contacting the filament body.
8. The polymer filament of claim 7 , wherein the infrared radiation absorber comprises a non-stoichiometric metal oxide.
9. The polymer filament of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor comprises a plurality of particulates.
10. The polymer filament of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor is thermally stable to a temperature greater than or equal to that of a melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polymer.
11. A method comprising:
providing a polymer filament comprising a thermoplastic polymer defining a filament body, and a metal precursor contacting the filament body, the metal precursor being activatable to form metal islands upon laser irradiation; and
forming a printed object from the polymer filament through layer-by-layer deposition;
wherein the metal precursor remains substantially unconverted to metal while forming the printed object, wherein the metal precursor comprises copper chromite.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
activating a portion the metal precursor within the printed object using a pulsed laser to form a plurality of discontinuous metal islands in a predetermined pattern upon a surface of the printed object.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
performing electroless plating to form one or more conductive traces interconnecting the plurality of discontinuous metal islands.