Method performed in internet of vehicles data transmission system, on-board unit and internet of vehicles data transmission system

1. A method performed in an Internet of Vehicles data transmission system, wherein the Internet of Vehicles data transmission system comprises a plurality of clusters and at least one road-side unit connected to the Internet, each cluster comprises at least one on-board unit, and the at least one on-board unit comprises a cluster head on-board unit, and the method comprises:

transmitting data in the on-board unit to one of the at least one road-side unit, via the cluster head on-board unit of the cluster where the on-board unit belongs,

wherein the transmitting the data in the on-board unit to one of the at least one road-side unit via the cluster head on-board unit of the cluster where the on-board unit belongs comprises: determining whether the on-board unit is the cluster head on-board unit in response to determining that the on-board unit is not the cluster head on-board unit, forwarding the data to the cluster head on-board unit of the cluster,

wherein each on-board unit stores an intra-cluster on-board unit status table for the cluster where the each on-board unit belongs, the intra-cluster on-board unit status table comprises status parameters of all on-board units in the cluster,

wherein one of the plurality of clusters comprises a plurality of on-board units, and a non-cluster head on-board unit in the plurality of on-board units is reselected as the cluster head on-board unit of the cluster based on the status parameters and according to a new cluster head selection probability, wherein the new cluster head selection probability is determined according to the following equation:

σ

i

=

γ

⁢

P

c

i

⁢

T

c

i

D

v

i

⁢

r

⁡

(

α

+

(

S

i

-

S

avg

)

2

)

,

⁢

P

i

=

σ

i

k

∑

i

⁢

(

σ

i

k

)

,

where P i represents a new cluster head selection probability of reselecting an intra-cluster on-board unit i to be a cluster head on-board unit, σ i represents a state metric of the intra-cluster on-board unit i, α and γ are constants not being zero, P c i represents a data processing capability of the on-board unit i, T c i represents a data forwarding capability of the on-board unit i, D v,r represents a distance between the on-board unit i and a nearest road-side unit, S i represents a speed of a vehicle where the on-board unit i belongs, and S avg represents an average speed of the vehicles where all the vehicle units belong in the cluster where the on-board unit i belongs.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cluster head on-board units of the plurality of clusters form a self-organizing network.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the status parameters of the on-board units comprise an identification number, an identity, a data processing capability and a data forwarding capability of each on-board unit, a speed of a vehicle where each on-board unit belongs and a distance between the each on-board unit and a nearest road-side unit.

4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the determining whether the on-board unit is the cluster head on-board unit comprises: determining whether the on-board unit is the cluster head on-board unit by accessing the intra-cluster on-board unit status table.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cluster head on-board unit of each cluster comprises a routing table and a surrounding cluster head status table,

wherein the routing table comprises at least one routing entry, each routing entry comprises a destination and a next hop node, and the surrounding cluster head status table comprises an identification number, a data processing capability, a data forwarding capability of each surrounding cluster head on-board unit, a speed of a vehicle where each surrounding cluster head on-board unit belongs, a distance between each surrounding cluster head on-board unit and at least one road-side unit and a congestion degree of each surrounding cluster head on-board unit.

6. The method according to claim 5 , comprising:

in response to determining that the on-board unit is the cluster head on-board unit, searching the routing table to determine whether the routing table comprises the routing entry where the destination is a road-side unit of the at least one road-side unit;

in response to determining that the routing table comprises the routing entry where the destination is the road-side unit of the at least one road-side unit, determining whether the routing entry comprises an entry where the next hop node is one of the at least one road-side unit; and

in response to determining that the routing entry comprises the routing entry where the next hop node is one of the at least one road-side unit, forwarding data to the road-side unit.

7. The method according to claim 6 , comprising:

in response to determining that the routing table does not comprise the routing entry where the destination is the road-side unit of the at least one road-side unit, transmitting a routing request to establish the routing table.

8. The method according to claim 6 , comprising:

in response to determining that the routing entry does not comprise the routing entry where the next hop node is one of the at least one road-side unit, selecting the cluster head on-board unit taken as the next hop node, based on the routing entry and according to a next hop selection probability.

9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the routing table further comprises a routing metric corresponding to the cluster head on-board unit taken as the next hop node, the routing metric is determined according to the following equation:

δ

j

=

λ

⁢

P

c

j

⁢

T

c

j

D

v

j

⁢

r

⁢

C

j

⁡

(

τ

+

(

S

j

-

S

c

)

2

)

,

wherein δ j represents a routing metric corresponding to a cluster head on-board unit j taken as the next hop node, λ and τ are constants not being zero; P cj and T c j respectively represent a data processing capability and a data forwarding capability of the cluster head on-board unit j; D v j r represents a distance between the cluster head on-board unit j and a road-side unit to be reached through the cluster head on-board unit j, C j represents a congestion degree of the cluster head on-board unit j, S j represents a vehicle speed of the cluster head on-board unit j, and S c represents a speed of a vehicle where a current cluster head on-board unit belongs.

10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the next hop selection probability is determined by the following equation:

P

j

=

δ

j

k

∑

j

⁢

δ

j

k

,

wherein P j represents a probability of selecting the cluster head on-board unit j taken as the next hop to be a next hop node where data is to be forwarded, δ j is a routing metric corresponding to the cluster head on-board unit j, and k is a constant not being zero.

11. An on-board unit, comprising: a radio transceiver configured to receive and send data; a memory storing computer-executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to perform a method in an Internet of Vehicles data transmission system, wherein the Internet of Vehicles data transmission system comprises a plurality of clusters and at least one road-side unit connected to the Internet, each cluster comprises at least one on-board unit, and the at least one on-board unit comprises a cluster head on-board unit, and the method comprises: transmitting data in the on-board unit to one of the at least one road-side unit, via the cluster head on-board unit of the cluster where the on-board unit belongs, wherein the transmitting the data in the on-board unit to one of the at least one road-side unit via the cluster head on-board unit of the cluster where the on-board unit belongs comprises: determining whether the on-board unit is the cluster head on-board unit; in response to determining that the on-board unit is not the cluster head on-board unit, forwarding the data to the cluster head on-board unit of the cluster, wherein each on-board unit stores an intra-cluster on-board unit status table for the cluster where the each on-board unit belongs, the intra-cluster on-board unit status table comprises status parameters of all on-board units in the cluster, wherein one of the plurality of clusters comprises a plurality of on-board units, and a non-cluster head on-board unit in the plurality of on-board units is reselected as the cluster head on-board unit of the cluster based on the status parameters and according to a new cluster head selection probability, wherein the new cluster head selection probability is determined according to the following equation:

σ

i

=

γ

⁢

P

c

i

⁢

T

c

i

D

v

i

⁢

r

(

α

+

S

i

-

S

avg

)

2

)

,

P

i

=

σ

i

k

∑

i

(

σ

i

k

)

,

where P i represents a new cluster head selection probability of reselecting an intra-cluster on-board unit i to be a cluster head on-board unit, a represents a state metric of the intra-cluster on-board unit i, α and γ are constants not being zero, P c i represents a data processing capability of the on-board unit i, T c i represents a data forwarding capability of the on-board unit i, D v i r represents a distance between the on-board unit i and a nearest road-side unit, Si represents a speed of a vehicle where the on-board unit i belongs, and S avg represents an average speed of the vehicles where all the vehicle units belong in the cluster where the on-board unit i belongs.

12. A method performed in an Internet of Vehicles data transmission system, wherein the Internet of Vehicles data transmission system comprises a plurality of clusters and at least one road-side unit connected to the Internet, each cluster comprises at least one on-board unit, and the at least one on-board unit comprises a cluster head on-board unit, and the method comprises:

transmitting data in the on-board unit to one of the at least one road-side unit, via the cluster head on-board unit of the cluster where the on-board unit belongs,

wherein the transmitting the data in the on-board unit to one of the at least one road-side unit via the cluster head on-board unit of the cluster where the on-board unit belongs comprises: determining whether the on-board unit is the cluster head on-board unit; in response to determining that the on-board unit is not the cluster head on-board unit, forwarding the data to the cluster head on-board unit of the cluster,

wherein the cluster head on-board unit of each cluster comprises a routing table and a surrounding cluster head status table,

wherein the routing table comprises at least one routing entry, each routing entry comprises a destination and a next hop node, and the surrounding cluster head status table comprises an identification number, a data processing capability, a data forwarding capability of each surrounding cluster head on-board unit, a speed of a vehicle where each surrounding cluster head on-board unit belongs, a distance between each surrounding cluster head on-board unit and at least one road-side unit and a congestion degree of each surrounding cluster head on-board unit,

wherein the method comprises:

in response to determining that the on-board unit is the cluster head on-board unit, searching the routing table to determine whether the routing table comprises the routing entry where the destination is a road-side unit of the at least one road-side unit;

in response to determining that the routing table comprises the routing entry where the destination is the road-side unit of the at least one road-side unit, determining whether the routing entry comprises an entry where the next hop node is one of the at least one road-side unit; and

in response to determining that the routing entry comprises the routing entry where the next hop node is one of the at least one road-side unit, forwarding data to the road-side unit,

in response to determining that the routing entry does not comprise the routing entry where the next hop node is one of the at least one road-side unit, selecting the cluster head on-board unit taken as the next hop node, based on the routing entry and according to a next hop selection probability,

wherein the routing table further comprises a routing metric corresponding to the cluster head on-board unit taken as the next hop node, the routing metric is determined according to the following equation:

δ

j

=

λ

⁢

P

cj

⁢

T

cj

D

v

j

⁢

r

⁢

C

j

(

τ

+

(

S

j

-

S

c

)

2

)

,

wherein δ j represents a routing metric corresponding to a cluster head on-board unit j taken as the next hop node, λ and τ are constants not being zero; P cj and T c j respectively represent a data processing capability and a data forwarding capability of the cluster head on-board unit j; D v j r represents a distance between the cluster head on-board unit j and a road-side unit to be reached through the cluster head on-board unit j, C j represents a congestion degree of the cluster head on-board unit j, S j represents a vehicle speed of the cluster head on-board unit j, and S c represents a speed of a vehicle where a current cluster head on-board unit belongs.