Methods for reducing image artifacts during partial updates of electrophoretic displays
A method for driving electro-optic displays so as to reduce visible artifacts are described. Such methods include driving extra pixels where the boundary between a driven and undriven area would otherwise lead to artifact by providing paired sets of driving instructions, allowing the undriven area to be driven while maintain the desired (undriven) optical state.
1. A method of driving a bistable electro-optic display including a controller, the bistable electro-optic display having a matrix of pixels arranged in rows and columns and including:
a primary pixel that undergoes a transition from a first optical state to a second optical state,
a secondary pixel immediately adjacent the primary pixel, wherein the secondary pixel undergoes a transition from a third optical state to a fourth optical state, and
a tertiary pixel immediately adjacent the secondary pixel, the secondary pixel being between the primary pixel and the tertiary pixel in a row or in a column, wherein the tertiary pixel does not undergo an optical state transition,
the method comprising:
a) providing from the controller to the bistable electro-optic display a first update including a first waveform to the primary pixel, a third waveform to the secondary pixel, and a fifth waveform to the tertiary pixel; and
b) providing from the controller to the bistable electro-optic display a second update including a second waveform to the primary pixel, a fourth waveform to the secondary pixel, and no waveform to the tertiary pixel,
wherein the first and second optical states are different in color or gray scale and the third and fourth optical states are different in color or gray scale, and
wherein the third waveform, the fourth waveform, and the fifth waveform all produce identical optical states when provided to a pixel in the absence of stray electric fields.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising c) providing from the controller to the bistable electro-optic display a third update including a sixth waveform to the primary pixel, the third waveform to the secondary pixel, and no waveform to the tertiary pixel.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bistable electro-optic display is an electrophoretic display.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the electrophoretic display includes an electrophoretic medium comprising at least three different types of electrophoretic particles.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the electrophoretic display comprises an electrophoretic medium disposed in a microcapsule layer.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the electrophoretic display comprises an electrophoretic medium disposed in microcells.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bistable electro-optic display comprises a color filter array.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bistable electro-optic display comprises at least 10 primary pixels, at least 10 secondary pixels, and at least 10 tertiary pixels.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the primary pixels define an edge of an image displayed on the bistable electro-optic display.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the bistable electro-optic display comprises at least 1000 pixels.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bistable electro-optic display is capable of producing at least 16 different colors or gray levels.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bistable electro-optic display is capable of producing at least 32 different colors.
13. The method of claim 2 , wherein the second waveform and the sixth waveform produce identical optical states when provided to a pixel in the absence of stray electric fields.
14. A method of driving a bistable electro-optic display including a controller, the bistable electro-optic display having a matrix of pixels arranged in rows and columns and including:
a primary pixel that undergoes a transition from a first optical state to a second optical state, wherein 20% or fewer of the pixels of the bistable electro-optic display are primary pixels (number of primary pixels/total number of pixels in display),
a secondary pixel immediately adjacent the primary pixel, wherein the secondary pixel undergoes a transition from a third optical state to a fourth optical state, and
a tertiary pixel immediately adjacent the secondary pixel, the secondary pixel being between the primary pixel and the tertiary pixel in a row or in a column, wherein the tertiary pixel does not undergo an optical state transition,
the method comprising:
a) providing from the controller to the bistable electro-optic display a first update including a first waveform to the primary pixel, a third waveform to the secondary pixel, and a fifth waveform to the tertiary pixel; and
b) providing from the controller to the bistable electro-optic display a second update including a second waveform to the primary pixel, a fourth waveform to the secondary pixel, and no waveform to the tertiary pixel,
wherein the first and second optical states are different in color or gray scale, and the third and fourth optical states are different in color or gray scale.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the third waveform, the fourth waveform, and the fifth waveform all produce identical optical states when provided to a pixel in the absence of stray electric fields.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the bistable electro-optic display is an electrophoretic display.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the electrophoretic display includes an electrophoretic medium comprising at least three different types of electrophoretic particles.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the bistable electro-optic display comprises a color filter array.