Ablation catheter with a flexible printed circuit board

1. An apparatus, comprising:

(a) a catheter for use in an ablation procedure of tissue;

(b) a tip electrode, at a distal end of the catheter, shaped to define a plurality of microelectrode apertures, the tip electrode having a distal face and a circumferential face, the distal face extending transversely relative to the circumferential face;

(c) a printed circuit board (PCB) disposed within the tip electrode and connected to the catheter, the PCB comprising a distal tip defining an opening, at least a portion of the distal tip being parallel with the distal face of the tip electrode to define a transversely extending gap with the distal face of the tip electrode, the transversely extending gap being distally positioned in relation to the distal tip;

(d) a conduit extending through the catheter and within the tip electrode, the conduit being in fluid communication with the opening defined by the distal tip such that the conduit is configured to allow passage of fluid from the conduit, through the opening defined by the distal tip, and into the transversely extending gap; and

(d) a plurality of microelectrodes coupled to the PCB for passing current into the tissue for impedance measurements for impedance-based location sensing and at least partly situated within the plurality of microelectrode apertures apertures, the PCB being configured to carry signals from the plurality of microelectrodes.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , each of the plurality of microelectrodes comprising:

a conducting element; and

(ii) an isolating wall that electrically- and thermally-isolates the conducting element from the tip electrode.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , further comprising a plurality of temperature sensors coupled to the PCB, each of the temperature sensors being thermally coupled to the conducting element of a respective one of the plurality of microelectrodes.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , the plurality of microelectrodes being fittingly situated within the plurality of microelectrode apertures.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , the plurality of microelectrodes being fixed to respective perimeters of the plurality of microelectrode apertures.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a catheter handle at a proximal end of the catheter, the PCB coupled to the plurality of microelectrodes also being coupled to the catheter handle for anchoring the tip electrode to the remainder of the apparatus.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , the transversely extending gap is less than 0.3 mm in a radial direction.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1 , at least some of the plurality of microelectrodes being located along the distal face of the tip electrode.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8 , the at least some of the plurality of microelectrodes that are located along the distal face of the tip electrode being oriented obliquely with respect to the distal face of the tip electrode.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1 , at least some of the plurality of microelectrodes being located along the circumferential face of the tip electrode.

11. A method, comprising:

(a) using a tip electrode at a distal end of a catheter, passing an ablating signal into tissue;

(b) using a plurality of microelectrodes that are coupled to a printed circuit board (PCB) within the tip electrode and connected to the catheter, and are at least partly situated within a plurality of microelectrode apertures in the tip electrode, for passing current into the tissue for impedance measurements for impedance based location sensing;

(c) using the PCB, coupled to the plurality of microelectrodes for carrying the signals, and for anchoring the tip electrode to a handle of the catheter;

(d) passing a fluid through a conduit extending through the catheter;

(e) further passing the fluid through an opening defined by a distal tip of the PCB, the distal tip extending along a plane that is parallel with a distal face of the tip electrode such that the distal tip and the distal face define a transversely extending gap; and

(f) further passing the fluid through the transversely extending gap.

12. The method according to claim 11 , the conduit supporting the PCB.

13. The method according to claim 11 , further comprising measuring a temperature of the tissue, using a plurality of temperature sensors that are thermally coupled to respective conducting elements of the plurality of microelectrodes.

14. An apparatus, comprising:

(a) a catheter for use in an ablation procedure of tissue;

(b) a tip electrode, at a distal end of the catheter, shaped to define a plurality of microelectrode apertures;

(c) a printed circuit board (PCB) disposed within the tip electrode and connected to the catheter; and

(d) at least one microelectrode, each microelectrode in the at least one microelectrode comprising:

a conducting element electrically coupled to the PCB for passing current into the tissue for impedance measurements for impedance-based location sensing and at least partly situated within the plurality of microelectrode apertures, the PCB being configured to carry signals from the conducting element, and

(ii) a hollow, cylindrical isolating wall attached to the PCB, the isolating wall housing the conducting element, the isolating wall extending from the PCB into a microelectrode aperture of the plurality of microelectrode apertures such that the isolating wall is configured to anchor the tip electrode with the PCB.

15. A method, comprising:

(a) using a tip electrode at a distal end of a catheter, passing an ablating signal into tissue;

(b) using a plurality of microelectrodes, acquiring signals from the tissue, at least one microelectrode of the plurality of microelectrodes comprising:

(ii) a conducting element that is electrically coupled to a printed circuit board (PCB) within a lumen of the catheter, and

(ii) an isolating wall attached directly to the PCB, the isolating wall being at least partly situated within a microelectrode aperture defined by the tip electrode, the isolating wall having a hollow, cylindrical shape; and

(c) using the PCB, coupled to the plurality of microelectronics, for carrying the signals generated by the conducting element, and for anchoring the tip electrode to the catheter via the isolating wall and the microelectrode aperture.