Citrus fruit extract-mediated synthesis of tellurium nanomaterials having biomedical applications
Methods disclosed herein provide for an environmentally-friendly approach that employ citric extracts from fruits as unique reducing and stabilizing agents for making a tellurium nanomaterial. A particular method of making a tellurium nanomaterial includes combining citrus fruit extract with a tellurium salt to form a mixture of citrus fruit extract and dissolved tellurium salt; and heating the mixture of citrus fruit extract and dissolved tellurium salt, thereby making the tellurium nanomaterial. The resulting nanoparticles exhibit enhanced and desirable biomedical properties toward treatment of both infectious diseases and cancer.
1. A method of making a tellurium nanomaterial, the method comprising:
a) combining a juice from rag and pulp of a citrus fruit with a tellurium salt to form a mixture comprising the juice with dissolved tellurium salt, wherein the dissolved tellurium salt has a concentration from 25 mM to 100 mM, and wherein the tellurium salt is sodium tellurite (Na 2 TeO 3 ), sodium tellurate (Na 2 TeO 4 ), potassium tellurate (K 2 TeO 4 ), potassium tellurate hydrate (K 2 TeO 4 .H 2 O), potassium tellurite (K 2 TeO 3 ), telluric acid (Te(OH) 6 ), or tellurium tetrachloride (TeCl 4 ); and
b) heating the mixture comprising the juice with dissolved tellurium salt, thereby making the tellurium nanomaterial, wherein the tellurium nanomaterial has a length from about 50 nm to about 200 nm.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the citrus fruit is an orange, a lemon, or a lime.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tellurium salt is Na 2 TeO 3 .
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tellurium salt is dissolved in a solvent prior to combining the juice with the tellurium salt.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the solvent is water.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising centrifuging the tellurium nanomaterial.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the mixture comprising the juice with dissolved tellurium salt is performed by microwave heating.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the mixture comprising the juice with dissolved tellurium salt comprises heating to a temperature from about 25° C. to about 100° C.