Regenerative thermal management system
Systems and methods of operating systems are provided. For example, a system comprises a fuel cooling loop including a cold fuel flowpath having a fuel flowing therethrough, a fuel cooler heat exchanger for cooling the fuel in fluid communication with the cold fuel flowpath, and a cold fuel tank disposed along the cold fuel flowpath for accumulating at least a portion of the cooled fuel. The system further comprises a fuel heating loop including a hot fuel flowpath for a flow of the fuel, a fuel heater heat exchanger for heating the fuel in fluid communication with the hot fuel flowpath, and a hot fuel tank disposed along the hot fuel flowpath for accumulating at least a portion of the heated fuel. The fuel cooling loop is coupled to the fuel heating loop such that the fuel circulates through both the fuel cooling loop and the fuel heating loop.
1. A system, comprising:
a fuel cooling loop including
a cold fuel flowpath having a fuel flowing therethrough,
a fuel cooler heat exchanger for cooling the fuel, the fuel cooler heat exchanger in fluid communication with the cold fuel flowpath, and
a cold fuel tank disposed along the cold fuel flowpath for accumulating at least a portion of the cooled fuel;
a fuel heating loop including
a hot fuel flowpath having the fuel flowing therethrough,
a fuel heater heat exchanger for heating the fuel, the fuel heater heat exchanger in fluid communication with the hot fuel flowpath, and
a hot fuel tank disposed along the hot fuel flowpath for accumulating at least a portion the of heated fuel; and
a thermal transport flowpath having a thermal transport fluid flowing therethrough, the thermal transport flowpath extending in a closed loop through both the fuel cooling loop and the fuel heating loop,
wherein the fuel cooling loop is coupled to the fuel heating loop such that the fuel circulates through both the fuel cooling loop and the fuel heating loop.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein a fuel connector line fluidly couples the cold fuel flowpath and the hot fuel flowpath.
3. The system of claim 2 , further comprising:
a fuel pump disposed along the fuel connector line for driving the fuel from the cold fuel flowpath to the hot fuel flowpath.
4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a coolant flowpath having a coolant flowing therethrough and a cooling system for cooling the coolant,
wherein the fuel cooler heat exchanger is in fluid communication with both the coolant flowpath and the cold fuel flowpath for heat exchange between the coolant and the fuel.
5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first heat source for providing a flow of a first hot fluid,
wherein the fuel heater heat exchanger is in fluid communication with both the flow of the first hot fluid and the hot fuel flowpath for heat transfer between the first hot fluid and the fuel.
6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a recuperator disposed along the thermal transport flowpath.
7. The system of claim 1 ,
wherein the fuel heater heat exchanger is in fluid communication with both the thermal transport flowpath and the hot fuel flowpath.
8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a bus cooler heat exchanger disposed downstream of the fuel heater heat exchanger, the bus cooler heat exchanger in fluid communication with both a cooling source and the thermal transport flowpath to cool the thermal transport fluid upstream of the fuel cooling loop.
9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first heat source for providing a flow of a first hot fluid;
a second heat source for providing a flow of a second hot fluid;
an intermediate bus heater heat exchanger, the intermediate bus heater heat exchanger in fluid communication with both the second heat source and the thermal transport flowpath to heat the thermal transport fluid; and
a bus heater heat exchanger, the bus heater heat exchanger in fluid communication with both the first heat source and the thermal transport flowpath downstream of the intermediate bus heater heat exchanger to heat the thermal transport fluid.
10. The system of claim 9 , further comprising:
a first heat source modulation valve disposed between the first heat source and the bus heater heat exchanger for controlling the flow of the first hot fluid; and
a second heat source modulation valve disposed between the second heat source and the intermediate bus heater heat exchanger for controlling the flow of the second hot fluid.
11. The system of claim 9 , further comprising:
a bus cooler heat exchanger in fluid communication with both the thermal transport flowpath downstream of the fuel heater heat exchanger and a cooling source to cool the thermal transport fluid.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is used to cool a thermal load upstream of the fuel heating loop.
13. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a cold fuel recirculation valve disposed in the cold fuel flowpath,
wherein the cold fuel recirculation valve is configured to modulate a flow of the fuel between the cold fuel tank and the fuel heating loop.
14. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a hot fuel recirculation valve disposed in the hot fuel flowpath,
wherein the heated fuel is configured to flow to a fuel burn location downstream from the fuel heating loop, and
wherein the hot fuel recirculation valve is configured to modulate the flow of the heated fuel between the hot fuel tank and the fuel burn location.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is a deoxygenated fuel.
16. A method of operating a system, the system comprising:
a fuel cooling loop including
a cold fuel flowpath having a fuel flowing therethrough,
a fuel cooler heat exchanger for cooling the fuel, the fuel cooler heat exchanger in fluid communication with the cold fuel flowpath, and
a cold fuel tank disposed along the cold fuel flowpath for accumulating at least a portion of the cooled fuel;
a fuel heating loop including
a hot fuel flowpath having the fuel flowing therethrough,
a fuel heater heat exchanger for heating the fuel, the fuel heater heat exchanger in fluid communication with the hot fuel flowpath, and
a hot fuel tank disposed along the hot fuel flowpath for accumulating at least a portion of the heated fuel; and
a thermal transport flowpath having a thermal transport fluid flowing therethrough, the thermal transport flowpath extending in a closed loop through both the fuel cooling loop and the fuel heating loop,
wherein the fuel cooling loop is coupled to the fuel heating loop such that the fuel circulates through both the fuel cooling loop and the fuel heating loop;
the method comprising:
selectively operating the fuel cooling loop to cool the fuel flowing through the fuel cooling loop and to accumulate the at least a portion of the cooled fuel in the cold fuel tank;
selectively operating the fuel cooling loop to cool a fuel-cooled thermal load with the cooled fuel, thereby warming the cooled fuel, and flow the warmed fuel to the fuel heating loop;
selectively operating the fuel heating loop to further heat the fuel flowing through the fuel heating loop and to accumulate the at least a portion of the heated fuel in the hot fuel tank; and
selectively operating the fuel heating loop to flow at least another portion of the heated fuel to a fuel burn location for consumption of the another portion of the heated fuel and to recirculate a remaining portion of the heated fuel through the fuel heating loop.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein a cold fuel recirculation valve is disposed in the fuel cooling loop for selectively operating the fuel cooling loop, and wherein a hot fuel recirculation valve is disposed in the fuel heating loop for selectively operating the fuel heating loop.
18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
selectively operating the thermal transport loop in thermal communication with both a transport-cooled thermal load and a heat source providing a flow of a hot liquid such that the thermal transport loop cools the transport-cooled thermal load and heats the fuel; and
selectively operating one or more valves to control a flow of the heated fuel between a flow F Htank of the heated fuel to the hot fuel tank and a flow F burn of the heated fuel to the fuel burn location,
wherein the hot fluid has a heating capacity HC heat and the thermal transport loop has a heating demand D heat ,
wherein the flow of the fuel is controlled such that F Htank /F burn >1 when HC heat >D heat ,
wherein the fuel has a heating capacity HC fuel and the fuel burn location has a heating demand D fuel , and
wherein the flow of the heated fuel is controlled such that F Htank /F burn <−0.50 when D fuel >HC fuel .
19. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
selectively operating one or more valves to control a flow of the cooled fuel between a flow F Ctank of the cooled fuel to the cold fuel tank and a flow F cool of the cooled fuel to the fuel heating loop,
wherein the fuel cooler heat exchanger utilizes a coolant flowing along a coolant flowpath to cool the fuel, the coolant having a thermal capacity TC cool and the fuel having a thermal capacity TC fuel ,
wherein the fuel cooling loop includes a coolant-cooled thermal load L cool cooled by the coolant and a fuel-cooled thermal load L fuel cooled by the fuel,
wherein the flow of the cooled fuel is controlled such that F Ctank /F cool when TC cool >L cool and F Ctank /F cool >−0.50 when L fuel >TC fuel .
20. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel has a thermal capacity TC fuel , and further comprising:
a coolant flowpath containing a coolant having a thermal capacity TC cool , the coolant flowpath in fluid communication with the fuel cooler heat exchanger such that heat flows from the fuel to the coolant to cool the fuel, the coolant flowpath including a cooling system configured to cool the coolant and a coolant-cooled thermal load L cool ;
a fuel-cooled thermal load L fuel disposed along the cold fuel flowpath; and
one or more valves configured to control a flow F Ctank of the cooled fuel from the fuel cooler heat exchanger to the cold fuel tank for accumulation of the cooled fuel and a flow F cool of the cooled fuel to a hot fuel flowpath such that F Ctank /F cool >1 when TC cool >L cool and F Ctank /F cool >−0.50 when L fuel >TC fuel .
21. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel has a heating capacity HC fuel , and further comprising:
a heat source providing a flow of a hot fluid having a heating capacity HC heat , the thermal transport fluid in thermal communication with the hot fluid such that heat flows from the hot fluid to the thermal transport fluid to heat the thermal transport fluid, the thermal transport fluid placing a heating demand D heat on the heat source, the thermal transport flowpath in fluid communication with the fuel heater heat exchanger such that heat flows from the thermal transport fluid to the fuel to heat the fuel; and
one or more valves configured to control a flow F Htank of the heated fuel from the fuel heater heat exchanger to the hot fuel tank for accumulation of the heated fuel and a flow F burn of the heated fuel to a fuel burn location such that F Htank /F burn >1 when HC heat >D heat and F Htank /F burn <−0.50 when D fuel >HC fuel .
22. A system, comprising:
a fuel cooling loop including
a cold fuel flowpath having a fuel flowing therethrough, the fuel having a heating capacity HC fuel ,
a fuel cooler heat exchanger for cooling the fuel, the fuel cooler heat exchanger in fluid communication with the cold fuel flowpath, and
a cold fuel tank disposed along the cold fuel flowpath for accumulating at least a portion of the cooled fuel;
a fuel heating loop including
a hot fuel flowpath having the fuel flowing therethrough,
a fuel heater heat exchanger for heating the fuel, the fuel heater heat exchanger in fluid communication with the hot fuel flowpath, and
a hot fuel tank disposed along the hot fuel flowpath for accumulating at least a portion of the heated fuel,
wherein the fuel cooling loop is coupled to the fuel heating loop such that the fuel circulates through both the fuel cooling loop and the fuel heating loop;
a heat source providing a flow of a hot fluid having a heating capacity HC heat ;
a thermal transport flowpath having a thermal transport fluid flowing therethrough, the thermal transport fluid in thermal communication with the hot fluid such that heat flows from the hot fluid to the thermal transport fluid to heat the thermal transport fluid, the thermal transport fluid placing a heating demand D heat on the heat source, the thermal transport flowpath in fluid communication with the fuel heater heat exchanger such that heat flows from the thermal transport fluid to the fuel to heat the fuel; and
one or more valves configured to control a flow F Htank of the heated fuel from the fuel heater heat exchanger to the hot fuel tank for accumulation of the heated fuel and a flow F burn of the heated fuel to a fuel burn location such that F Htank /F burn >1 when HC heat >D heat and F Htank /F burn <−0.50 when D fuel >HC fuel .