Regenerative fuel heating system
Systems and methods for operating systems are provided. For example, a system comprises a heat source for providing a flow of a hot fluid and a fuel flowpath for a flow of a fuel. The fuel flowpath includes a fuel accumulator and a heat exchanger for heat transfer between the hot fluid and fuel. The heat exchanger includes a hot fluid inlet for receipt of the hot fluid at an inlet temperature and a fuel inlet for receipt of the fuel at an inlet temperature. The hot fluid inlet temperature is greater than the fuel inlet temperature such that the fuel is heated through heat transfer with the hot fluid in the heat exchanger. The fuel accumulator accumulates at least a portion of the heated fuel. An exemplary system is selectively operated to heat and circulate the fuel through the fuel flowpath for consumption and/or accumulation in the fuel accumulator.
1. A system, comprising:
a heat source for providing a flow of a first hot fluid;
a first heat exchanger in thermal communication with the flow of the first hot fluid;
a fuel tank for providing a flow of fuel to a fuel flowpath;
a combustor fluidly coupled to the fuel tank via the fuel flowpath; and
a fuel accumulator fluidly coupled to the fuel tank and the combustor via the fuel flowpath, wherein the fuel accumulator is disposed along the fuel flowpath downstream from the fuel tank and upstream from the combustor, wherein the fuel flowpath passes through the first heat exchanger between the fuel accumulator and the combustor, wherein heat is transferred from the first hot fluid to the flow of fuel to provide a heated fuel, wherein the fuel flowpath is configured to route at least a portion of the heated fuel to the fuel accumulator, and wherein the fuel accumulator is configured to store the heated fuel, and wherein the fuel flowpath includes a bypass line that bypasses the accumulator and the first heat exchanger and is configured to route at least a portion of the flow of fuel directly from the fuel tank to the combustor, and wherein an exit of the bypass line merges with the fuel flowpath at a location upstream of the combustor.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a fuel recirculation valve disposed in the fuel flowpath, the fuel recirculation valve disposed downstream of the first heat exchanger and upstream of the fuel accumulator, wherein the fuel recirculation valve is configured to control a flow of the heated fuel between the fuel accumulator and the combustor.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel flowpath comprises a first heat exchanger bypass line for bypassing the first heat exchanger and a first bypass valve disposed along the first heat exchanger bypass line.
4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a thermal transport flowpath for a flow of a thermal transport fluid, wherein the first hot fluid is the thermal transport fluid.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the heat source provides a flow of a second hot fluid to a second heat exchanger for heat transfer from the second hot fluid to the thermal transport fluid, wherein the first heat exchanger is in fluid communication with the thermal transport flowpath and in thermal communication with the fuel flowpath, and the second heat exchanger is disposed in the thermal transport flowpath upstream of the first heat exchanger.
6. The system of claim 5 , further comprising:
a third heat exchanger in thermal communication with the thermal transport fluid for heat transfer between a cool fluid and the thermal transport fluid, wherein heat is transferred from the thermal transport fluid to the cool fluid, and wherein the third heat exchanger is disposed in the thermal transport flowpath downstream of the first heat exchanger.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the thermal transport flowpath comprises a third heat exchanger bypass line for bypassing the third heat exchanger.
8. The system of claim 5 , further comprising:
a fuel source comprising the fuel tank;
a first fuel line from the fuel source to the fuel flowpath;
a second fuel line from the fuel source to a mixing location; and
a third fuel line from the fuel flowpath to the mixing location,
wherein fuel from the fuel source is configured to mix with fuel from the fuel accumulator at the mixing location to form a mixed fuel.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the mixed fuel is configured to flow from the mixing location to a fuel burn location for consumption of the mixed fuel.
10. The system of claim 4 , wherein a transport pump is disposed in the thermal transport flowpath for driving the thermal transport fluid along the thermal transport flowpath.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein a fuel pump is disposed in the fuel flowpath for driving the fuel along the fuel flowpath.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is a deoxygenated fuel, wherein the system further comprises a source of inert gas and an inert gas flowpath extending from the source of inert gas, and wherein the inert gas flowpath is in fluid communication with the fuel accumulator to provide inert gas ullage to the fuel accumulator.
13. A method of operating a system, comprising:
selectively operating a thermal transport loop to transfer thermal energy between a heat source and an intermediate fuel loop of a fuel flowpath via a first heat exchanger to heat fuel of a flow of fuel from a fuel source that is flowing in the intermediate fuel loop; and
selectively operating the intermediate fuel loop to store the heated fuel in a fuel accumulator, wherein the intermediate fuel loop includes a bypass line that bypasses the accumulator and the first heat exchanger and is configured to route at least a portion of the flow of fuel directly from the fuel source to a combustor, and wherein an exit of the bypass line merges with the fuel flowpath at a location upstream of a combustor,
wherein the thermal energy is transferred through a heat exchange system;
and wherein the system comprises:
the heat source for providing a flow of a first hot fluid;
the first heat exchanger in thermal communication with the flow of the first hot fluid;
the fuel source comprising a fuel tank for providing the flow of the fuel to the fuel flowpath;
the combustor fluidly coupled to the fuel tank via the fuel flowpath; and
the fuel accumulator fluidly coupled to the fuel tank and the combustor via the fuel flowpath, wherein the fuel accumulator is disposed along the fuel flowpath downstream from the fuel tank and upstream from the combustor, wherein the fuel flowpath passes through the first heat exchanger between the fuel accumulator and the combustor, wherein heat is transferred from the first hot fluid to the flow of fuel to provide the heated fuel, wherein the fuel flowpath is configured to route at least a portion of the heated fuel to the fuel accumulator, and wherein the fuel accumulator is configured to store the heated fuel.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the heat exchange system comprises the first heat exchanger for thermal energy transfer between a thermal transport fluid comprising the first hot fluid flowing in the thermal transport loop and the fuel and a second heat exchanger for thermal energy transfer between a second hot fluid and the thermal transport fluid.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
selectively operating one or more valves to control a flow of the heated fuel between a flow Ftank of the fuel to the fuel accumulator and a flow Fburn of the fuel to the fuel burn location,
wherein the second hot fluid has a heating capacity HCheat and the thermal transport loop has a heating demand Dheat, and wherein the flow of the fuel is controlled such that Ftank/Fburn>1 when HCheat>Dheat.
16. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
selectively operating one or more valves to control a flow of the heated fuel between a flow Ftank of the fuel to the fuel accumulator and a flow Fburn of the fuel to the fuel burn location,
wherein the fuel has a heating capacity HCfuel and the fuel burn location has a heating demand Dfuel, and
wherein the flow of the fuel is controlled such that Ftank/Fburn<−0.50 when Dfuel>HCfuel.