Super-cooled heat exchanger of an air cycle machine
An integrated fuel and environmental control system is provided and includes a first heat exchanger in which fuel and oil thermally communicate and a second heat exchanger disposable in a super-cooled fluid flow. The second heat exchanger is receptive of at least one of the fuel and oil from the first heat exchanger whereby the at least one of the fuel and oil thermally communicate with the super-cooled fluid flow. The second heat exchanger is also receptive of a second fluid whereby the second fluid thermally communicates with the super-cooled fluid flow downstream from the thermal communication of the super-cooled fluid flow with the at least one of the fuel and oil.
1. An integrated fuel and environmental control system, comprising:
a first heat exchanger in which fuel and oil thermally communicate; and
a second heat exchanger disposable in a super-cooled fluid flow,
the second heat exchanger being receptive of:
the oil and a quantity of the fuel from the first heat exchanger whereby the oil and the quantity of the fuel thermally communicate with the super-cooled fluid flow, and
a second fluid whereby the second fluid thermally communicates with the super-cooled fluid flow downstream from the thermal communication of the super-cooled fluid flow with the oil and the quantity of the fuel.
2. The integrated fuel and environmental control system according to claim 1 , wherein the super-cooled fluid flow comprises an airstream.
3. The integrated fuel and environmental control system according to claim 1 , wherein a mass flow rate of the super-cooled fluid flow substantially exceeds respective mass flow rates of the oil, the quantity of the fuel and the second fluid.
4. The integrated fuel and environmental control system according to claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one conduit by which the oil and the quantity of the fuel is transported from the first heat exchanger to the second heat exchanger; and
a valve disposed and configured to control how much of the oil and the quantity of the fuel are permitted to flow to the second heat exchanger.
5. The integrated fuel and environmental control system according to claim 1 , further comprising a first control system to control relative amounts of the oil and the quantity of the fuel received by the second heat exchanger.
6. The integrated fuel and environmental control system according to claim 1 , further comprising a fuel tank wherein the second fluid comprises fuel drawn from the fuel tank which is not flown through the first heat exchanger.
7. The integrated fuel and environmental control system according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel and the second fluid are supplied from a fuel tank.
8. The integrated fuel and environmental control system according to claim 7 , further comprising a second control system configured to:
direct first and second portions of fuel, having thermally communicated with the super-cooled fluid, toward a heat load and the fuel tank, respectively; and
control relative amounts of the first and second portions of the fuel.
9. An integrated fuel and environmental control system, comprising:
a first heat exchanger in which fuel and oil thermally communicate; and
a second heat exchanger comprising a leading edge disposable in a super-cooled fluid flow, a downstream portion and an upstream portion interposed between the leading edge and the downstream portion,
the second heat exchanger being receptive of:
the oil and a quantity of the fuel from the first heat exchanger whereby the oil and the quantity of the fuel thermally communicate with the super-cooled fluid flow in the upstream portion to prevent ice accumulation proximate to the leading edge, and
a second fluid whereby the second fluid thermally communicates with the super-cooled fluid flow in the downstream portion prior to the second fluid being output to a heat load.
10. The integrated fuel and environmental control system according to claim 9 , wherein the super-cooled fluid flow comprises an airstream and the leading edge is convex in the airstream.
11. The integrated fuel and environmental control system according to claim 9 , wherein a mass flow rate of the super-cooled fluid flow substantially exceeds respective mass flow rates of the oil, the quantity of the fuel and the second fluid.
12. The integrated fuel and environmental control system according to claim 9 , further comprising:
at least one conduit by which the oil and the quantity of the fuel is transported from the first heat exchanger to the second heat exchanger; and
a valve disposed and configured to control how much of the oil and the quantity of the fuel are permitted to flow to the second heat exchanger.
13. The integrated fuel and environmental control system according to claim 9 , further comprising a first control system to control relative amounts of the oil and the quantity of the fuel received by the second heat exchanger.
14. The integrated fuel and environmental control system according to claim 9 , further comprising a fuel tank wherein the second fluid comprises fuel which is drawn from the fuel tank which is not flown through the first heat exchanger.
15. The integrated fuel and environmental control system according to claim 9 , wherein the fuel and the second fluid are supplied from a fuel tank.
16. The integrated fuel and environmental control system according to claim 15 , further comprising a second control system configured to:
direct first and second portions of fuel, having thermally communicated with the super-cooled fluid in the upstream portion, toward a heat load and the fuel tank, respectively; and
control relative amounts of the first and second portions of the fuel.
17. A method of operating an integrated fuel and environmental control system, the method comprising:
thermally communicating fuel and oil in a first heat exchanger;
disposing a leading edge of a second heat exchanger in a super-cooled fluid flow;
transporting the oil and a quantity of the fuel from the first heat exchanger to the second heat exchanger whereby the oil and the quantity of the fuel thermally communicates with the super-cooled fluid flow in an upstream portion of the second heat exchanger to prevent ice accumulation proximate to the leading edge; and
transporting a second fluid to the second heat exchanger whereby the second fluid thermally communicates with the super-cooled fluid flow in a downstream portion of the second heat exchanger prior to the second fluid being output to a heat load.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the super-cooled fluid flow comprises an airstream having a mass flow rate substantially exceeding respective mass flow rates of the oil, the quantity of the fuel and the second fluid.
19. The method according to claim 17 , further comprising controlling relative amounts of the oil and the quantity of the fuel transported to the second heat exchanger.
20. The method according to claim 17 , further comprising:
supplying the fuel and the second fluid from a fuel tank;
directing first and second portions of fuel, having thermally communicated with the super-cooled fluid flow in the upstream portion, toward the heat load and the fuel tank, respectively; and
controlling relative amounts of the first and second portions of the fuel.