Heisenberg scaler

1. A process for determining a physical scalar of an arbitrary response function, the process comprising:

providing the arbitrary response function that comprises a plurality of action parameters θi;

subjecting a physical system that comprises a plurality of quantum sensors to a physical stimulus;

producing, for an action parameter of each quantum sensors, in response to subjecting the quantum sensors to the physical stimulus, a measured action parameter to provide a plurality of measured action parameters for the physical system;

producing a zeroth-order value of the arbitrary response function by evaluating the arbitrary response function at the measured action parameters;

determining the gradient of the arbitrary response function at the measured action parameters;

producing an perturbation pulse;

subjecting the physical system to the perturbation pulse;

producing, in response to the perturbation pulse, modal amplitude comprising a measured value of a dot product of the gradient and a vector of action parameters θi;

producing a first-order value of the arbitrary response function by subtracting from modal amplitude the dot product of the gradient and the vector of measured action parameter; and

adding the zeroth-order value and the first-order value to determine the physical scalar of the arbitrary response function.

2. A Heisenberg scaler for reducing noise in quantum metrology, the Heisenberg scaler comprising:

a stimulus source that provides a first physical stimulus and a second physical stimulus;

a physical system in communication with the stimulus source and comprising a plurality of quantum sensors and that:

receives the first physical stimulus and the second physical stimulus from the stimulus source;

produces measured action parameter in response to receipt of the first physical stimulus;

receives an perturbation pulse from a sensor interrogation unit;

produces modal amplitude;

an estimation machine in communication with the physical system and that:

receives the measured action parameter from the physical system; and

produces a zeroth-order value from the measured action parameter;

a gradient analyzer in communication with the physical system and the sensor interrogation unit and that:

receives the measured action parameter from the physical system; and

produces the measured action parameter and a gradient from the measured action parameter;

the sensor interrogation unit in communication with the physical system and the gradient analyzer and that:

receives the modal amplitude from the physical system;

receives the gradient and the measured action parameter from the gradient analyzer;

produces the perturbation pulse; and

produces a first-order value from the modal amplitude, the gradient, and the measured action parameter; and

a Heisenberg determination machine in communication with the estimation machine and the sensor interrogation unit and that:

receives the zeroth-order value from the estimation machine;

receives the first-order value from the sensor interrogation unit; and

produces a physical scalar from the zeroth-order value and the first-order value.