Liquid filtration media, filter elements and methods
A filter and filter media configured and arranged for placement in a fuel stream is disclosed. The filter and filter media allow for filtering of liquid fuels, such as diesel fuel. In certain embodiments the filter media includes a media fiber (such as glass) and a binder fiber (such as bicomponent) that combine to create a media structure having low solidity and relatively low compressibility, and which contain a pore structure that avoids premature fouling of the filter by fuel degradation products.
1. A filter for filtering liquid fuels, the filter comprising:
filter media configured and arranged for placement in a liquid fuel stream, the filter media comprising:
an upstream media layer and a downstream media layer, the upstream media layer comprising:
a) media fiber; and
b) binder fiber having an average diameter greater than the media fiber;
wherein:
the media fiber has an average diameter of less than 15 microns and the binder fiber has an average diameter greater than the media fiber;
the downstream media layer has a mean pore size greater than the upstream media layer;
the upstream media layer has a max flow pore size at least five times greater than its mean flow pore size; and
wherein the filter is configured so that upon exposure to a fuel stream containing fuel degradation products, the fuel degradation products are primarily retained in the upstream media layer and wherein upon exposure to a fuel stream containing particulate contaminants, the particulate contaminants are primarily retained in the downstream media layer.
2. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 1 , wherein the media fiber comprises glass fiber.
3. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 1 , wherein the media fiber comprises carbon fiber.
4. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 1 , wherein the binder fiber comprises bicomponent fiber.
5. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 1 , wherein the media fiber has an average diameter of less than 5 microns.
6. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 1 , wherein the binder fiber has an average diameter greater than 5 microns.
7. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 1 , wherein the filter media has a solidity of less than 12 percent.
8. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 1 , wherein the filter media has a solidity of less than 10 percent.
9. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 1 , wherein the filter media has a solidity of less than 9 percent.
10. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 1 , wherein the filter media has a solidity of less than 8 percent.
11. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 1 , wherein the filter media has a compressibility of less than 40 percent at a pressure of 1.24 kg/cm 2 .
12. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 1 , wherein the filter media has a compressibility of less than 20 percent at a pressure of 1.24 kg/cm 2 .
13. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 1 , wherein the filter media has a compressibility of less than 10 percent at a pressure of 1.24 kg/cm 2 .
14. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 1 , wherein the filter media has a mean pore size of less than 15 microns.
15. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 1 , wherein the filter media has a mode pore size of at least 20 microns.
16. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 1 , wherein the filter media has an upstream portion and a downstream portion, and wherein the upstream portion has a pore size mode greater than the pore size mode of the downstream portion.
17. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 1 , further comprising a second filter media, the second filter media comprising cellulose fibers, and the second filter media positioned downstream from the filter media comprising a media fiber and a binder fiber.
18. A filter for filtering liquid fuels, the filter comprising:
filter media configured and arranged for placement in a liquid fuel stream, the filter media comprising a first upstream media layer, a second upstream media layer, and a downstream media layer, the upstream media layers comprising:
a) media fiber; and
b) binder fiber having an average diameter greater than the media fiber;
wherein the filter media has a solidity of less than 12 percent, and a compressibility of less than 40 percent at a pressure of 1.24 kg/cm″;
the media fiber of the first and second upstream media layers has an average diameter of less than 15 microns and the binder fiber of the first and second upstream media layers has an average diameter greater than media fiber of the downstream media layer;
the downstream media layer has a mean pore size greater than the mean pore size of the first and second upstream media layers;
the first and second upstream media layers have a max flow pore size at least five times greater than their mean flow pore size;
the first and second upstream media layers preferentially load fuel degradation products over the downstream media layer;
wherein the media fiber has an average diameter of less than 5 microns;
wherein the binder fiber has an average diameter greater than 5 microns; and
wherein the filter is configured so that upon exposure to a fuel stream containing fuel degradation products, the fuel degradation products are primarily retained in the upstream media layer and wherein upon exposure to a fuel stream containing particulate contaminants, the particulate contaminants are primarily retained in the downstream media layer.
19. The filter for filtering liquid fuels of claim 18 , wherein the media fiber comprises glass fiber.