Compact hearing aids
The present disclosure relates to compact hearing aids, components thereof, and support systems therefor, as well as methods of insertion and removal thereof. The compact hearing aids generally include a sensor, such as a microphone, an actuation mass, an energy source for providing power to the compact hearing aid, a processor, and an actuator enclosed in a housing that is designed to be inserted through the tympanic membrane during a minimally-invasive outpatient procedure. In operation, the microphone receives sound waves and converts the sound waves into electrical signals. A processor then modifies the electrical signals and provides the electrical signals to the actuator. The actuator converts the electrical signals into mechanical motion, which actuates the actuation mass to modulate the velocity or the position of the tympanic membrane.
1. An actuation assembly, comprising:
a housing;
a mass disposed within the housing and configured to be actuated; and
a bending mode actuator coupled to the housing, the bending mode actuator configured to convert electrical signals into mechanical motion to actuate the mass within the housing, the bending mode actuator comprising:
an active layer electrically coupled to an electrode and configured to be controllably deformed upon application of the electric signals to the active layer.
2. The actuation assembly of claim 1 , wherein the active layer comprises a piezoelectric material.
3. The actuation assembly of claim 2 , wherein the piezoelectric material comprises a perovskite crystal structure.
4. The actuation assembly of claim 3 , wherein the piezoelectric material comprises lead zirconate titanate (PZT), barium titanate (BATiO 3 ), strontium titanate (SrTiO 2 ), or other ferroelectric materials.
5. The actuation assembly of claim 1 , wherein the bending mode actuator further comprises an inactive layer formed of a material comprising titanium (Ti).
6. The actuation assembly of claim 1 , wherein the bending mode actuator is coupled to the mass via a connecting member extending between centrally-disposed positions on lateral surfaces of the active layer and the mass.
7. The actuation assembly of claim 1 , wherein the bending mode actuator is coupled to the mass via a connecting member extending between non-centrally-disposed positions on lateral surfaces of the active layer and the mass.
8. The actuation assembly of claim 1 , wherein the mass is coupled to the housing, and wherein the bending mode actuator is indirectly coupled to the mass via the housing.
9. The actuation assembly of claim 1 , wherein the mass comprises a battery.
10. An actuation assembly, comprising:
a housing comprising a planar medial wall coupled to a lateral shell, the medial wall and lateral shell formed of a biocompatible material;
at least one mass disposed within the housing and configured to be actuated; and
at least one bending mode actuator coupled to the medial wall of the housing, the at least one bending mode actuator configured to convert electrical signals into mechanical motion to actuate the at least one mass within the housing.
11. The actuation assembly of claim 10 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator comprises a unimorph-type actuator, a bimorph-type actuator, or a dome-type actuator.
12. The actuation assembly of claim 11 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator comprises at least one piezoelectric active layer and at least one titanium inactive layer coupled to the active layer, the at least one piezoelectric active layer configured to be controllably deformed upon application of the electric signals to the active layer.
13. The actuation assembly of claim 12 , wherein the at least one piezoelectric active layer comprises lead zirconate titanate (PZT), barium titanate (BATiO 3 ), strontium titanate (SrTiO 2 ), or other ferroelectric materials.
14. The actuation assembly of claim 10 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator is coupled to the at least one mass via a connecting member extending between the at least one bending mode actuator and the at least one mass within the housing.
15. The actuation assembly of claim 10 , wherein the at least one mass is coupled to the lateral shell of the housing, and wherein the at least one bending mode actuator is indirectly coupled to the at least one mass via the housing.
16. The actuation assembly of claim 10 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator is indirectly coupled to the medial wall of the housing via one or more brackets.
17. An actuation assembly, comprising:
a housing comprising a planar and flexible medial wall coupled to a dome-like lateral shell, the medial wall and lateral shell formed of biocompatible materials;
at least one mass disposed within the housing and configured to be actuated; and
at least one bending mode actuator coupled to the medial wall of the housing, the at least one bending mode actuator configured to convert electrical signals into mechanical motion to actuate the at least one mass within the housing, the at least one bending mode actuator comprising a unimorph-type actuator, a bimorph-type actuator, or a dome-type actuator.
18. The actuation assembly of claim 17 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator comprises:
a piezoelectric active layer formed of a material comprising lead zirconate titanate (PZT), barium titanate (BATiO 3 ), strontium titanate (SrTiO 2 ), or other ferroelectric materials, the active layer configured to be controllably deformed upon application of the electric signals to the active layer;
an inactive layer coupled to a lateral surface of the active layer and formed of a material comprising titanium (Ti); and
one or more electrodes disposed at an end of the active layer.
19. The actuation assembly of claim 17 , wherein the at least one mass is coupled to the lateral shell of the housing, and wherein the at least one bending mode actuator is configured to modulate the at least one mass by modulating the medial wall of the housing.
20. The actuation assembly of claim 17 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator is coupled to the at least one mass via a connecting member extending between the at least one bending mode actuator and the at least one mass within the housing.