Rotational intravascular ultrasound probe with an active spinning element
An intravascular ultrasound probe is disclosed, incorporating features for utilizing an advanced transducer technology on a rotating transducer shaft. In particular, the probe accommodates the transmission of the multitude of signals across the boundary between the rotary and stationary components of the probe required to support an advanced transducer technology. These advanced transducer technologies offer the potential for increased bandwidth, improved beam profiles, better signal to noise ratio, reduced manufacturing costs, advanced tissue characterization algorithms, and other desirable features. Furthermore, the inclusion of electronic components on the spinning side of the probe can be highly advantageous in terms of preserving maximum signal to noise ratio and signal fidelity, along with other performance benefits.
1. A rotational intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) system, comprising:
a catheter, comprising:
a flexible body configured to be inserted into a vessel;
a flexible drive cable disposed within the flexible body, wherein the flexible drive cable is configured to rotate, wherein the flexible drive cable comprises a proximal portion and a distal portion;
an electrical connector coupled to the proximal portion of the flexible drive cable and configured to rotate with the flexible drive cable; and
an ultrasound transducer coupled to the distal portion of the flexible drive cable and configured to obtain ultrasound imaging data while rotating with the flexible drive cable; and
an interface module coupled to the proximal portion of the flexible drive cable and configured to transmit electrical signals to the ultrasound transducer, the interface module comprising:
a spinning element comprising a distal portion and a proximal portion, wherein the distal portion of the spinning element is configured to be coupled to the electrical connector of the flexible drive cable and to rotate with the flexible drive cable; and
a slip ring interface configured to transmit the electrical signals between the interface module and the electrical connector of the flexible drive cable while the flexible drive cable is rotating, wherein the slip ring interface comprises a spinning contact disposed at the distal portion of the spinning element and a stationary contact proximate to the spinning contact, wherein the spinning contact is coupled to the spinning element and configured to rotate with the spinning element, and wherein the electrical signals comprise direct current (DC) signals associated with the ultrasound transducer obtaining the ultrasound imaging data.
2. The rotational IVUS system of claim 1 , wherein the interface module further comprises:
stationary electrical circuitry; and
rotating electrical circuitry coupled to the spinning element and configured to rotate with the flexible drive cable.
3. The rotational IVUS system of claim 2 , wherein the interface module further comprises:
a transformer communicatively coupled to the stationary electrical circuitry and the rotating electrical circuitry such that the stationary electrical circuitry is configured to transmit AC signals to the ultrasound transducer via the transformer while the flexible drive cable is rotating.
4. The rotational IVUS system of claim 3 , wherein:
the electrical connector of the flexible drive cable comprises a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact,
the slip ring interface is communicatively coupled to the ultrasound transducer via the first electrical contact, and
the transformer is communicatively coupled to the ultrasound transducer via the second electrical contact.
5. The rotational IVUS system of claim 3 ,
wherein the transformer comprises a stationary component and a spinning component,
wherein the spinning component is coupled to the spinning element and is configured to rotate with the spinning element relative to the stationary component.
6. The rotational IVUS system of claim 2 , wherein the rotating electrical circuitry comprises at least one of a transmitter, a time-gain control amplifier, an amplitude detector, a phase detector, an analog to digital converter, an optical transceiver, an encoder circuit, a wireless communication component, or a microcontroller.
7. The rotational IVUS system of claim 2 , further comprising a first printed circuit board (PCB) coupled to the spinning element, wherein the rotating electrical circuitry is mounted on the first PCB.
8. The rotational IVUS system of claim 2 , further comprising a second PCB coupled to the interface module, wherein the stationary electrical circuitry is mounted on the second PCB.
9. The rotational IVUS system of claim 1 , wherein the interface module further comprises a motor configured to rotate the spinning element.
10. The rotational IVUS system of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasound transducer comprises at least one of a piezoelectric ultrasound transducer element, a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer (PMUT) element, or a capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer (CMUT) element.
11. The rotational IVUS system of claim 1 , wherein the spinning element comprises a generator for generating power for the ultrasound transducer.
12. The rotational IVUS system of claim 1 , wherein the DC signals power the ultrasound transducer to obtain the ultrasound imaging data.
13. The rotational IVUS system of claim 1 , wherein the DC signals comprise bias signals.
14. The rotational IVUS system of claim 1 , wherein the spinning contact comprises a slip ring and wherein the stationary contact comprises a brush.
15. The rotational IVUS system of claim 1 , wherein:
the flexible body comprises a proximal portion and a distal portion, and
the flexible drive cable extends from the proximal portion of the flexible body to the distal portion of the flexible body.
16. The rotational IVUS system of claim 5 , wherein the spinning component of the transformer is disposed at the proximal portion of the spinning element.