Counterpulsation device driver apparatus, method and system
A method of operating a counterpulsation device (CPD) in a human or animal subject is disclosed, the method including: receiving a heart beat signal indicative of the heart beat of the subject; providing counterpulsation therapy by controlling the pressure supplied to a CPD drive line in pneumatic communication with the CPD to cause the CPD to alternately fill with blood and eject blood with a timing that is determined at least in part based on the heart beat signal; while providing counterpulsation therapy, receiving a CPD drive line pressure signal indicative of the pressure in the CPD drive line; and adjusting the pressure supplied to the drive line based at least in part on the drive line pressure signal.
1. A system for providing hemodynamic support, the system comprising:
a blood pump,
a controller, and
a counterpulsation device (CPD) comprising:
a blood chamber,
a drive chamber,
a membrane configured to separate the blood chamber from the drive chamber, and
a drive line in pneumatic communication with the drive chamber, wherein the controller is configured to:
receive a heartbeat signal indicative of a heartbeat of a subject;
control a pressure supplied to the drive line to cause the CPD to alternately fill with blood and eject blood with a timing that is determined at least in part based on the heartbeat signal;
receive a drive line pressure signal indicative of the pressure in the drive line; and adjust the pressure supplied to the drive line based at least in part on the drive line pressure signal, by performing at least one of: exposing the drive line to a negative pressure to fill the blood chamber as the heart of the subject is contracting and exposing the drive line to a positive pressure to empty the blood chamber as the heart of the subject is relaxing,
wherein the controller is further configured to receive a pressure upper limit corresponding to an upper limit of the pressure in the drive line and a pressure lower limit corresponding to a lower limit of the pressure in the drive line, wherein the controller adjusts the pressure supplied to the drive line by:
in response to determining that the pressure in the drive line exceeds the pressure upper limit, venting a pressure chamber until the pressure in the drive line is below the pressure upper limit, and
in response to determining that the pressure in the drive line is below the pressure lower limit, opening a valve corresponding to a vacuum chamber until the pressure in the drive line is above the pressure lower limit, and
wherein venting the pressure chamber induces a negative pressure in the drive line, causing the CPD to fill with blood from the subject, and opening the valve corresponding to the vacuum chamber induces a positive pressure in the drive line, causing the CPD to empty of blood.
2. A system for providing hemodynamic support, the system comprising:
a blood pump,
a controller, and
a counterpulsation device (CPD) comprising:
a blood chamber,
a drive chamber,
a membrane configured to separate the blood chamber from the drive chamber, and
a drive line in pneumatic communication with the drive chamber, wherein the controller is configured to:
receive a heartbeat signal indicative of a heartbeat of a subject;
control a pressure supplied to the drive line to cause the CPD to alternately fill with blood and eject blood with a timing that is determined at least in part based on the heartbeat signal;
receive a drive line pressure signal indicative of the pressure in the drive line; and adjust the pressure supplied to the drive line based at least in part on the drive line pressure signal, by performing at least one of: exposing the drive line to a negative pressure to fill the blood chamber as the heart of the subject is contracting and exposing the drive line to a positive pressure to empty the blood chamber as the heart of the subject is relaxing
wherein the controller is configured to adjust the pressure supplied to the drive line based at least in part on the drive line pressure signal by analyzing the drive line pressure signal to I determine a full condition or an empty condition of the CPD by analyzing change in drive line pressure as a function of time.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein:
the controller analyzes the drive line pressure signal to determine the full condition or the empty condition of the CPD by detecting a feature in the drive line pressure signal indicative of the membrane reaching a substantially stationary end position.
4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
detect a temporal location of the full condition or the empty condition during an operational cycle of the CPD;
compare the temporal location to a desired range; and
if the temporal location is outside of the desired range, adjust the pressure supplied to the drive line.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the controller is further configured to, during emptying of the CPD:
determine if the temporal location of the empty condition occurs at a time earlier than the desired range and, if so, adjust the drive line pressure to slow the emptying; and
determine if the temporal location of the empty condition occurs at a time later than the desired range or does not occur and, if so, adjust the drive line pressure to speed up the emptying.
6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the controller is further configured to, during filling of the CPD:
determine if the temporal location of the full condition occurs at a time earlier than the desired range and, if so, adjust the drive line pressure to slow the filling;
and determine if the temporal location of the full condition occurs at a time later than the desired range or does not occur and, if so, adjust the drive line pressure to speed up the filling.
7. A counterpulsation device (CPD) comprising:
a CPD chamber;
a CPD drive line in pneumatic communication with the CPD chamber;
a first graft having a first sewing ring;
a second graft having a second sewing ring, wherein the first sewing ring and the second sewing ring are configured to attach the second graft to the first graft; and
a controller configured to:
receive a heart beat signal indicative of a heart beat of a subject,
control a pressure supplied to the CPD drive line to cause the CPD chamber to alternately fill and empty with a timing that is determined at least in part based on the heart beat signal,
receive a CPD drive line pressure signal indicative of the pressure in the CPD drive line, and
adjust the pressure supplied to the CPD drive line based at least in part on the CPD drive line pressure signal,
wherein adjusting the pressure supplied to the CPD drive line comprises increasing the pressure supplied to the CPD drive line, based at least in part on the CPD drive line pressure signal, to eject blood from the CPD, and
wherein increasing the pressure supplied to the CPD drive line comprises exposing the CPD drive line to positive pressure of a pressure chamber by opening a first drive line valve.
8. The CPD of claim 7 , wherein a CPD drive line sensor detects the pressure in the CPD drive line and generates the CPD drive line pressure signal indicative of the pressure in the CPD drive line, and wherein the controller receives from the CPD drive line sensor the CPD drive line pressure signal indicative of the pressure in the CPD drive line.
9. The CPD of claim 7 , wherein the first and second grafts are configured to connect the CPD to a blood vessel of the subject.
10. The CPD of claim 7 , wherein the heart beat signal comprises an electrocardiogram (EKG) signal.
11. A counterpulsation device (CPD) comprising:
a CPD chamber;
a CPD drive line in pneumatic communication with the CPD chamber;
a first graft having a first sewing ring;
a second graft having a second sewing ring, wherein the first sewing ring and the second sewing ring are configured to attach the second graft to the first graft; and
a controller configured to:
receive a heart beat signal indicative of a heart beat of a subject,
control a pressure supplied to the CPD drive line to cause the CPD chamber to alternately fill and empty with a timing that is determined at least in part based on the heart beat signal,
receive a CPD drive line pressure signal indicative of the pressure in the CPD drive line, and
adjust the pressure supplied to the CPD drive line based at least in part on the CPD drive line pressure signal,
wherein adjusting the pressure supplied to the CPD drive line comprises decreasing the pressure supplied to the CPD drive line, based at least in part on the CPD drive line pressure signal, to fill the CPD with blood.
12. The CPD of claim 11 , wherein decreasing the pressure supplied to the CPD drive line comprises exposing the CPD drive line to negative pressure of a vacuum chamber by opening a second CPD drive line valve.
13. The CPD of claim 10 , further comprising a sensor configured to generate the heart beat signal.
14. The CPD of claim 13 , wherein the sensor configured to generate the heart beat signal comprises an EKG unit.